| Many theories concerning the causes of
juvenile delinquency (青少年犯罪) focus either on the individual or on society as the
major contributing influence. Theories{{U}} (56) {{/U}}on the individual
suggest that children engage in criminal behavior{{U}} (57) {{/U}}they
were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned
criminal behavior through{{U}} (58) {{/U}}with others. Theories focusing
on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their
failure to rise above their socioeconomic status{{U}} (59) {{/U}}as a
rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, {{U}}(60) {{/U}}the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are{{U}} (61) {{/U}}to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly{{U}} (62) {{/U}}juvenile crime rates. Families have also{{U}} (63) {{/U}}changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;{{U}} (64) {{/U}}, children are likely to have less supervision at home,{{U}} (65) {{/U}}was common in the traditional family{{U}} (66) {{/U}}. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other{{U}} (67) {{/U}}causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased{{U}} (68) {{/U}}of drugs and alcohol, and the growing{{U}} (69) {{/U}}of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,{{U}} (70) {{/U}}a direct causal relationship (因果关系) has not yet been established. |