翻译题
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide if emigration- one of the great folk wanderings of history- swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces- the immigration of European people with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempt to transplant their habits and traditions to new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon once another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, has a character that was distinctly American.
(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and- 16th century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.
To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “ The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber……
问答题
This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
【答案解析】本句是一个简单句，主语为“This movement”，谓语动词为built和shaped。句中：过去分词短语driven by powerful and diverse motivations是后置定语，用来修饰movement；out of a wilderness是后置定语，用来修饰nation；of an uncharted continent是后置定语，用来修饰character and destiny。翻译时，需注意的重点词组有：①out of a wilderness，out of意为“从……当中”，此处与a wilderness连用，可译为“在荒野上，从荒野中”；②by its nature译为“就其本质而言，从本质来说”；③uncharted在句中译为“未知的”。
问答题
The United States is the product of two principal forces- the immigration of European people with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
【答案解析】本句的主干结构是The United States is the product of two principal forces，破折号后面的内容是进行解释说明“forces”的内容的。句中：介词短语of European peoples with their varied ideas，customs，and national characteristics是后置定语，用来修饰immigration；of a new country which modified these traits是后置定语，用来修饰impact，该 结构中包含一个定语从句which modified these traits，修饰country。翻译时，需注意：①product常见的意思为“产品，产物”，此处不必直译为“美国是两股主要力量的产物”，可翻译时将product一词由名词转换为动词，引申译为“有两股主要力量形成了美国”；②people在句中是复数形式，译为“民族”。
问答题
But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon once another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.
【答案解析】整个句子是一个简单句，主语是由and并列连接的三个名词短语构成，谓语和宾语部分比较短小，即：caused significant changes。句中：第一个主语为“the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America”，其中“of geographic conditions peculiar to America”是后置定语，修饰force；第二个主语为“the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another”，其中“of the varied national groups upon one another”是后置定语，修饰interplay；第三个主语为“the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent”，其中“of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent”是后置定语，修饰difficulty。翻译时，需注意的重点单词：①interplay译为“互相影响”；②sheer译为“独特的”。
问答题
The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and- 16th century explorations of North America.
【答案解析】本句的主干结构为“The first shiploads of immigrants crossed the Atlantic”。句中：①bound for the territory which is now the United Sates是后置定语，修饰immigrants。该句中还包含一个定语从句which is now the United Sates，修饰territory。②more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America是时间状语，其中after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America是后置定语，修饰a hundred years。翻译时，需注意的重点词组有：bound for译为“驶向，开往”。
问答题
The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.
【正确答案】树种丰富多样的原始森林是一座真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。
【答案解析】本句的主干结构为“The virgin forest was a real treasure-house”。句中：①with its richness and variety of trees是后置定语，修饰virgin forest；②which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia是定语从句，修饰treasure-house。翻译时，需注意的重点词组有：①virgin forest译为“原始森林”；②treasure-house译为“宝库”；③extend from...to...意为“从……延伸到……”。