复合题

The American dream has taken hit after hit the past half- decade. It just suffered another blow, based on a new poll. Yet young people seem determined to turn things around, giving us all cautious cause for optimism.

When writer James Truslow Adams coined the phrase in 1931 he called the American dream “that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. ” So it was all about opportunity, which largely has disappeared amid a poor job market, heavy debts, and wages that have stalled for 25 years.

In more recent times, the American dream became closely identified with home ownership. But that idea suffered a blow in the housing bust. Just 65% of Americans own their home, down from 69% pre-bust, and four out of five Americans are rethinking the reasons they’ d want to buy a house.

Perhaps the newest definition of the American dream comes from the National Endowment for Financial Education, which found that nearly half of adults define the dream as a comfortable retirement. Most just want to quit work at 65 or 67 and not worry. That’ s their dream, which far outpaces the 17% who cling to homeownership as the embodiment of Adam’ s vision.

Now we see yet another blow to yet another version of the American dream, which at times has been described as each generation doing better than the last. Seven in 10 Americans say that when today’ s children are adults, they’ ll have less financial security than adults today, according to an Allstate/National Journal Heartland Monitor poll.

Adults overwhelmingly believe childhood and parenthood were better for earlier generations; 79% say it was better to have been a child when they were young. Most believe today’ s kids will have a poorer chance of holding a steady job and owning a home without too much debt, and that their children will have less opportunity to achieve a comfortable retirement.

The downbeat view doesn’ t stop here. Adults also believe that today’ s children will display less patriotism, a poorer work ethic, and less civic responsibility when they come of age.

All this pessimism would be deadly troublesome if not for one thing: young people aren’ t buying it. More than half of teens in the poll say it’ s better to be a kid today, and nearly half say that when they are their parents’ age they will have more opportunity—not less.

Maybe that’ s because young people learned a lot during the Great Depression. They saw their parents get socked. But with no real assets at risk themselves they came through it unscathed, financially speaking, and yet took the lessons to heart and are more conscious about spending and debt than Mom and Dad have been.

Maybe that’ s because they’ ve seen stocks come roaring back and the housing market begin to recover. Mom and Dad may not be whole yet, and still stinging. But those who began their careers in the past five years and were smart enough to sign up for a 401 (k) have been building wealth steadily.

Maybe that’ s because, stereotypes be damned, they know something about their work ethic that boomers and other elders do not: Millennials are pretty darned committed to their careers—they just see it in different terms.

Or maybe it’ s just because young people can’ t imagine life without the internet or smartphones or, well, reality TV. Toddlers today play on iPads. With mobile technology, young professionals can get their jobs done at the beach. By comparison, older generations grew up in the dinosaur age. We had outrageous long-distance bills, three channels and a TV with rabbit ears. Dude, what’ s so great about that?

问答题 What is the passage mainly about?
【正确答案】The passage is mainly about changes of the definition of American dream and the optimistic future of it when it takes hit after hit.
【答案解析】文章开头便表明美国梦不断遭受打击。 第二段便从美国梦最初的定义开始, 描述美国梦定义的变化。 同时后文详细阐释了年轻人的乐观想法与成年人的悲观想法的对比, 并在文章开头便点明“年轻人们正扭转局面, 这足以给我们令人乐观的理由” 。
问答题 What specific aspects about American dream are discussed in the passage?
【正确答案】The passage talks about the change of American dream in history and the present version of American dream as well as different opinion about it.
【答案解析】文章前半段阐述了美国梦的变化史与不断遭受打击的现状, 后半段讲述美国梦的最新版本以及不同人的看法。
问答题 How do you interpret the first sentence in paragraph eight: “All the pessimism would be deadly troublesome if not for one thing: young people aren’ t buying it. ” ?
【正确答案】If it is not because young people don’ t believe adults’ pessimistic opinion, the American dream would be covered with pessimism and suffer another hit.
【答案解析】文章六、 七段叙述了成年人们的悲观观点, 但是“年轻人们并不买账” , 他们认为当孩子很好, 未来也会有更多机会。 文章开头也提到年轻人们正在力挽狂澜, 这种情况足以使人们乐观起来。 如果不是因为年轻人们不信这一点, 这些悲观情绪就会很麻烦。 根据文章第一段可推测, 这种麻烦可能会再度打击美国梦。
问答题 What is the author’ s attitude towards the issue being discussed?
【正确答案】The author is optimistic about the future of American dream.
【答案解析】文章开头说到美国梦正在遭受打击, 但是年轻人们似乎已经决意要使事情好转, 这给人们带来了可以乐观起来的理由。 文章后几段也描述了年轻人们的优势。 由此可知, 作者对年轻人们改变现状的可能性抱有希望。
问答题 Could you give a title to the passage?
【正确答案】Is the American Dream Withering or Just Changing?
【答案解析】文章开头提到在过去的五年里美国梦接连遭受打击, 第二到六段阐述了这些年来美国梦定义的变化, 之后着重围绕美国梦的最新定义进行论证。 按照规律, 美国梦应当会在接连不断的打击中消亡殆尽, 但事实似乎不是如此, 因为年轻人们对于父母辈的悲观并不买账, 他们乐观地认为自己未来会有更多的机会。 文章开头也提到年轻人们似乎想要扭转局面, 即“将美国梦从打击中拯救出来” 。 这种情况下, 美国梦便不会消亡, 而只是发生了改变。 标题采用一般疑问句, 可以激起人们兴趣。