【正确答案】It seemed that he began exerting himself in his studies under his father's remonstrations; in fact, he studied for the love of books. He read books like a glutton greedy for good food, his gullet being so large that he would take in whatever food he set eyes on, refined or coarse, sweet or salty.

【答案解析】[解析] “教导”、“发愤用功”，前者还可译为instruction，urge等表示督促或敦促意义的词；后者可译为toil at his studies，strive to work hard，be painstaking at his books等表示刻苦读书意思的词语。“出于喜好”还可译成out of interest。“馋嘴佬”即指贪吃者，对应英文glutton或复合词a big eater。glutton是个构词和搭配能力相当强的词，可转义表示在某方面很执着，如literary glutton(文学迷)，sun gluttons(日光浴酷爱者)，gluttons for work(工作狂)，glutton of books(读书迷)等。“食肠很大”可直译，也可意译为have a good appetite；“不择精粗，甜咸杂进”原文中是修饰“馋嘴佬”，译文作了变通，以refined or coarse，sweet or salty来修饰food。在句子层面，还应注意各句之间的衔接，如上述译文中综合运用了英语独立主格句式、结果状语从句以及形容词短语作后置修饰语等手段。汉语并列短句连接成英语中的从属关系长句，符合英语表达习惯。

【正确答案】Even books of vulgar taste could set him laughing. He enjoyed reading and would be amused by the description of comic gestures and remarks in a drama and would roar with laughter when he repeatedly mimicked the actor's gags.

【答案解析】[解析] 翻译的难点之一是汉语俗语的英译，如“插科打诨”，它是指戏曲里滑稽动作和话语的描写，可直译为英语的zanyism，buffoonery，也可意译为comic gestures and remarks。另外，文中三次提到“笑”一词：哈哈大笑，且看且笑，笑得打跌。英语中用来表示“笑”的词语也很丰富。如文中表示捧腹大笑的词有：cackle(大笑)，guffaw(哄笑)，whoop(欢呼雀跃)，bawl with laughter(哈哈大笑)，roars of laughter(哄堂大笑)等。请看以下例句：
我们笑得肚皮都疼了。We cachinnated till our sides ached.
他们被他的滑稽表演逗得哈哈大笑。They chortled with delight at his humorous performance.
他还没讲完这个幽默，大家就哄堂大笑起来。The crowd guffawed before he finished this hurmor.
当听到他有趣的经历时，我们突然哈哈大笑起来。When hearing his interesting experience, we burst into ha-ha.
当听到这个愚笨的幽默时，我们情不自禁地哈哈大笑。When hearing this silly humor, we couldn't help making haw-haw.

【正确答案】He devoured massive volumes about profound and abstruse theories on philosophy, aesthetics, and literature and art like a young child nibbling between meals, and he would "nibble" at these works one after another no matter how thick they were. Poetry was an even greater favorite of his/was his enthusiasm.

【答案解析】[解析] 翻译的关键是选词问题。“大部著作”译为massive volumes，massive常用来指表示“规模，量，面貌大”。如：
大事业 massive undertaking 大下巴 massive jaw
大毁灭 massive destruction 严重中风 massive stroke
大部头 massive volume 大剂量 massive dose
大石头 massive boulder 大的援助 massive help
大出血 massive hemorrhage
“吃零食”译为nibble between meals。英语中表示“吃”的动词有不少，根据吃的方式、速度、吃的东西以及是否用于动物等方面，“吃”有不同的表达法：
eat是常用词，用于人或动物皆可
take较为普遍，尤其常用于医学中，表示吃药
dine为正式用词，它可以是一天中的主餐，也可指任何正式的或特殊的膳食
consume既可用于人，也可用于动物，指将一种食物贪婪地吃完
bite指蚊子等昆虫的叮咬、蛇、狗等动物的咬
chew指咬碎、咀嚼以便于吞咽和消化
swallow指很快地吃下、吞下、咽下
nibble指细吞，轻咬，一点点地吃；或指老鼠等动物迅速地小口吃
gorge既可用于人，也可用于动物，指贪吃和乱吃，常表示吃得过多而引起不适
gobble用于人或动物皆可，强调迅速地吃，和swallow同义
devour指用于人或动物均可，其含义较广，即可指吃光，也可指快吃
gulp指吞饮，狼吞虎咽

【正确答案】He loved to peruse large dictionaries and encyclopedias, some of which were too heavy to carry/very heavy beyond his strength to carry. He not only read them entry by entry, but upon coming across new editions, he would go to great lengths to copy the new entries into the old editions. He often took notes while reading.

【答案解析】[解析] 译文以“他”为主语，引导全句，贯穿始末。另外，通过定语从句(some of which were very heavy beyond his strength to carry)，状语从句(while reading)，介词短语(beyond his strength to carry，upon coming across new editions)，并列分句(not only...but also)等衔接各个分句，体现英语句子“形合”的特点。“不嫌其烦”译成固定表达go to any lengths或take great trouble。此外，“得”字作结果状语时(如“重得拿不动”)，和英语的状语结构在某种程度具有形似性，在翻译中我们往往采取以下几种译法：
1)用充当英语状语的词表达
他在房间里正等得不耐烦。He was waiting impatiently in the room.
我的故乡好得多了。My hometown was much better.
2)用充当英语状语的词组表达
表示结果或程度的短语有很多，比如so...that...，so...as to...，such...that...， too...to...，enough to...等等。
这个像雄师那样吼叫的汉子，哭得像个孩子。This man who had roared like a lion was crying like a child.
可惜那电话修好得太迟了一点，因此未能跟你联系上。They got the line back into service just a bit too late to catch you unfortunately.
这里将建造一座足以容纳十万人的大体育场。A stadium large enough to hold 100000 people will be built here.
3)用充当英语状语的从句表达
他们钱多得不知道怎么花。They have so much money that they don't know what to do with it.