单选题 Starting with his review of Skinner's Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information about the (1) instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2) .
This linguistic approach (3) the view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), but (4) rules that enable a speaker to (5) an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6) single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7) with the particular thing signified, but (8) all members of a general class.
This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9) into existing psychological frameworks and (10) a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles "intrinsic (原有的) to the mind" that provide invariant structures (11) perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12) all of these processes; thus its study (13) our theories of knowledge in general.
Basic to this model of language is the notion that a child's learning of language is a kind of theory (14) . It's thought to be accomplished (15) explicit instruction, (16) of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17) or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18) , the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broad (19) power. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20) it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.

单选题 [A] special [B] specific [C] definite [D] explicit
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】形容词辨析题。此处要表达的意思为：学习和经历为语言共性的具体范例提供信息，specific“具体的”与universal“普遍的”相对应，其他选项不合文意。special“特殊的、专门的”；definite“明确的、限定的、惟一的”；explicit“详述的、明确的”。
单选题 [A] region [B] district [C] vicinity [D] community
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】名词辨析题。a particular language community指共讲某一语言的社区，community“社区”，包括人们和他们生活的社区，其他选项只限指地区，不合文意。region“地区、区域”，较大的地区；district“地区、行政区”，比region小，通常是某国家或城市具体的地区；vicinity“邻近、附近”。
单选题 [A] attacks [B] assaults [C] charges [D] accuses
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】动词辨析与上下文理解题。句意为：乔姆斯基的语言学观点抨击另一观点。attack“攻击、抨击”，可指任何攻击行为，符合文意。assaults“攻击、袭击”，指身体很近的接触和极端暴力；charges“控告、指控”，通常用法为：charge that或charge sb. with sth. ；accuses“控告、指责”，用法为：accuse sb. of sth．。
单选题 [A] transformational [B] institutional [C] systematic [D] constitutional
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】形容词辨析题。根据后面的定语从句，这些规则能够使人们生成新句子，所以这样的规则具有转换性，因此选transformational“能变换的、能变形的”，其他选项不合文意。institutional“制度的、公共机构的”；systematic“系统的”；constitutional“宪法的、拥护宪法的”。
单选题 [A] originate [B] initiate [C] launch [D] generate
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】动词辨析题。人们用这些规则可以生成新句子，所以选generate“产生、发生”，其他选项不合文意。originate“首创、发起”，如：originate the procedure“启用程序”；initiate“开始、发动”重要的事件；launch“发射、发动”。
单选题 [A] Yet [B] Even [C] Still [D] Likewise
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】上下文理解题。Even“甚至”，在句中加强语气，起到强调作用，其他选项不符合逻辑。Yet“然而”； Still“仍然、更”；Likewise“同样地、也”。
单选题 [A] consistence [B] conformity [C] correspondence [D] agreement
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】固定搭配题。in correspondence with“和……一致、与……相符”，其他选项不合文意。in consistence with“前后一致、始终如一”；in conformity with“按照、遵守”；in agreement with“同意”。
单选题 [A] symbolize [B] embody [C] depict [D] represent
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】上下文理解题。句意为：单词代表某总体要领导的全部成员。与stand和signify并列的表达为represent“代表”，其他选项不合文意。symbolize“象征”；embody“体现、使具体化”；depict“描绘、描写”。
单选题 [A] combined [B] integrated [C] blended [D] mixed
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】动词辨析及用法题。句意为：这种语言学习内在性的观点起初并未融入当时的心理学框架。be integrated into/with“使成为一体、使结合在一起”，其他不合文意或用法。combined“使结合/联合”，通常用做combine A with B；blended“混合”，通常用法为：blend with/together；mixed“使混合”，用法为： mix A with B或mix sth．together/in。
单选题 [A] meets [B] presents [C] offers [D] makes
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】动词辨析及搭配题。句意为：新的语言学观点提出了一种挑战。present a challenge“提出挑战”，其他选项不合搭配或文意。meets a challenge“接受挑战”；offers“主动给予”；makes不与challenge搭配。
单选题 [A] underlining [B] highlighting [C] marking [D] underlying
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】动词辨析及上下文理解题。句意为：那些恒定的结构是理解、学习和思考的基础，underlie意为“成为……的基础、位于……之下”，其他选项不合文意。underlining“在……下画线、强调”；highlighting“强调、使突出”；marking“标明、作记号”。
单选题 [A] deals [B] covers [C] involves [D] engages
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】动词辨析题。语言涉及所有这些过程，即理解、学习和思考，involve“包含、含有、涉及”一些主要因素，其他选项不合文意或用法。deals“处理”，常用做deal with“处理、安排”；covers“覆盖、处理”； engages“雇佣、使从事于”。
单选题 [A] tunes into [B] sheds light on [C] leaves behind [D] sets forth
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】固定搭配题。句意为：该研究提示了知识理论，所以选B，shed/throw/cast light on/upon意为“阐明、使更清楚”，其他选项不合文意。tunes in to“收听、调谐”；leaves behind“留下、忘记带”；sets forth“陈述、阐明”。
单选题 [A] fabrication [B] erection [C] creation [D] construction
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】名词辨析及上下文理解题。句意为：孩子学习语言的过程类似建构理论。又根据后文the child constructs a theory...一句，判断选D。consttruction意为“思想或理论的建设、构造”。其他选项不合文意或用法。fabrication“编造(谎言/借口)、制造”；erection“树立、建立”；creation“创造、发明”。
单选题 [A] with [B] under [C] by [D] without
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】介词辨析题。句意为：孩子学语言不需要详细的教导。显然应选D，其他选项不合文意。
单选题 [A] irrespective [B] independent [C] regardless [D] implausible
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】名词用法与搭配题。Independent of意为“不依赖”，其他选项不合文意。irrespective of意为“不顾、不考虑”；regardless of意为“不顾、不管”；implausible“难以置信的、不象真实的”，没有implausible of的搭配。
单选题 [A] intellectual [B] intelligent [C] intelligible [D] intellect
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】形容词辨析题。intellectual作名词意为“知识分子”，作形容词意为“智力的、脑力的”，如：intellectual development智力发展，其他选项不合文意。intelligent“聪明的、明智的”；intelligible“可理解的、易懂的”；intellect作名词为“智力、智能”。
单选题 [A] Nevertheless [B] Furthermore [C] Though [D] Accordingly
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】语法知识题。两句之间很明显有转折关系，因此选Nevertheless“然而，但是”，其他选项不合逻辑。 Furthermore“并且”；Though“尽管”；Accordingly“因此”。
单选题 [A] instinctive [B] addictive [C] tentative [D] predictive
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】形容词辨析及上下文理解题。句意为：孩子构建的理论具有预见能力；所以选predictive，意为“成为先兆的、有预言性的”，其他选项不合文意。instinctive“本能的、天生的、直觉的”；addictive“上瘾的”； tentative“试验性的、暂时的”。
单选题 [A] had [B] should [C] were [D] be
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】语法知识题。虚拟语气if it hadn't been for或if it weren't for可倒装为：had it not been for和were it not for，意为“要不是因为……”，其他选项不合语法要求。