单选题 Over the past few days, the U.S. has been in the world"s crosshairs. Political argument in Washington produced a debt agreement widely criticized as insufficient and incomplete. Standard & Poor"s downgraded America"s credit rating, raising concerns about the health of the world"s most important economy. Slow growth in the U.S. is threatening the entire global recovery. Stock-market turmoil on Wall Street has turned markets from London to Seoul into roller coasters.
Yes, the U.S. has been a source of much uncertainty in recent days. But in my opinion, the real danger for the global economy lies elsewhere: in Europe. If we"re going to have another financial crisis, chances are it will start in the euro zone, not Washington.
On a macro level, you could say the U.S. is worse off economically than Europe right now. Economists were frantically reducing their 2011 growth forecasts for the U.S. as its GDP limped along in the first half of the year. In Europe, growth is holding up. The IMF raised its growth projection for the euro zone in late June to 2%. And as a recent HSBC report noted, the state of American national finances is actually more feeble than the euro zone"s taken as a whole.
Even before the financial crisis, the U.S. fiscal path was unsustainable, an ageing population combined with extravagant social security commitments suggested either the need for massive tax increases or dramatic spending cuts. The crisis, however, made matters a lot worse. According to the OECD, the US federal, state and local government deficit (NOT the federal deficit alone) jumped from 2.9% of GDP in 2007 to 10.6% in 2010.
Though that may be true, the U.S. has one huge advantage over Europe at this moment, the luxury of time. Ironically, the reaction of the world"s investor community to the recent financial turmoil has been to rush into U.S. debt—yes, the very bonds downgraded by S&P. What that means is U.S. borrowing costs will continue to decline, and that buys Washington time to get its act together and put in place a real plan to fill the deficit and restore American growth. The euro zone, on the other hand, has no such luck. Borrowing costs for the zone"s weakest economies—the PIIGS, including Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy—remain highly elevated. That puts pressure on those governments to implement reform programs with great haste as well as pressure on the rest of the euro zone to take more and more dramatic action to stem the contagion.
The European Central Bank swooped in to buy billions of dollars of Italian and Spanish debt, which is a major deviation from the ECB"s usual policy. But it is unlikely that the ECB can handle the crisis on its own over an extended period of time.
单选题 The United States is blamed by the world for ______
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 作者在第一段中提到,发生在美国的事情使得世界经济陷入困境,这些事情包括美国政府就债务问题达成的协议被认为是不充分的,不能解决全部的问题;美国信用评级被降低;美国经济增长缓慢;华尔街股票市场的不稳定影响了全球股市,等等。
B:第一段是说美国的经济状况导致了——而不是没能医治——世界经济的问题。
C:原文说华尔街股票市场的动荡引起了全球股票市场的动荡,使之像是坐上了过山车。
D:这里指的是美国共和党(控制着国会)和民主党(或奥巴马政府)达成了协议。受到指控的不是达成协议本身,而是这个协议不能彻底解决联邦政府的债务问题。
单选题 By saying "In Europe, growth is holding up", the author means that there ______
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 第三段对比了美国和欧洲经济的发展状况,指出美国经济在上半年发展缓慢,但是欧洲经济仍然保持增长(hold up这里意为remain strong or vigorous),以至于国际货币基金组织调高了其增长预测(growth projections)。
单选题 The United States has the "luxury of time", which refers to ______
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 第五段第一句提到“时间上的奢侈”,即美国面临的债务问题没有那样急迫,因为全世界的投资者还在买它的债券。这意味着美国的借债成本将继续下降,这使得美国政府能集中精力,有充分的时间拿出一个像样的填补赤字缺口和促进增长的计划。
A:根据第四段,正是奢侈的社保待遇使得美国背上了沉重的债务负担。
单选题 Unlike the United States, Europe is ______
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 第五段把美国和欧洲在偿还债务的紧急程度上作了一个对比,指出欧洲人比美国更需要尽快填补其巨额赤字,因为它的借债成本高,这需要欧元区的某些国家尽快采取改革措施,需要其他国家尽快采取行动来遏制事态的扩散。这里,contagion指欧债危机从希腊、爱尔兰等扩大到其他国家。
单选题 The author mainly argues in the text that ______
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 第二段第二、三句表达了作者的基本观点。作者在第三、四段提到了美国糟糕的经济形势和债务问题,但第五段后话锋一转提到了美国如何能赢得时间解决其赤字和经济增长问题,而欧洲则不能快速有效地解决自己的问题。从文章的安排可以看出,作者把引起世界经济动荡的责任推到欧洲身上,以此驳斥第一段中提到的世界各国对美国的指责。