阅读理解 SAN FRANCISCO—The attack had the hallmarks of something researchers had dreaded for years: malicious software using artificial intelligence that could lead to a new digital arms race in which A.I.-driven defenses battled A.I.-driven offenses while humans watched from the sidelines.
But what was not as widely predicted was that one of the earliest instances of that sort of mal-ware was found in India, not in a sophisticated British banking system or a government network in the United States. As India rushes to go online, it provides a fertile testing ground for hackers trying their skills in an environment where they can evade detection before deploying them against a company or state that has more advanced defenses. The cyberattack in India used malware that could learn as it was spreading, and altered its methods to stay in the system for as long as possible. Those were "early indicators" of A.I., according to the cybersecurity company Darktrace. Essentially, the malware could figure out its surroundings and mimic the behavior of the system's users, though Darktrace said the firm had found the program before it could do any damage.
At times, these attacks are simply targeting more susceptible victims. While companies in the United States will often employ half a dozen security firms' products as defensive measures, a similar company elsewhere may have just one line of defense—if any. In the case of attacks carried out by a nation-state, companies in the United States can hope to receive a warning or assistance from the federal government, while companies elsewhere will often be left to fend for themselves.
Cybersecurity experts now speculate that a February 2016 attack on the central bank of Bangladesh was a precursor to similar attacks on banks in Vietnam and Ecuador. That hackers managed to steal $81 million from the Bangladesh Bank generated headlines because of the size of the heist. But what interested cybersecurity experts was that attackers had taken advantage of a previously unexplored weakness in the bank' s computers by undermining its accounts on Swift, the international money transfer system that banks use to move billions of dollars among themselves each day.

单选题 31.According to Paragraph 1, the new digital arms race is characterized by______.

单选题 32.According to Paragraph 2, India is a place where newer A.I. attacks might be seen for the first time, simply because it______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段第二句As India rushes to go online，it provides a fertile testing ground for hackers trying their skills…，其意为“由于印度急于上网，它已为黑客们提供了肥沃的试验场以测试自己的技术……”，故B项“为这种攻击提供了理想的测试场”为正确答案。A项“拥有高速互联网”、C项“大范围的互联网普及率”和D项“缺少安全的基础设施”均未在文中提及，故本题选B。

单选题 33.The following are the characteristics of malware used in cyberattack in India EXCEPT that______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段。B项“模仿用户的行为以蒙混过关”与第二段末句中…mimic the behavior of the system’s users表述一致，其中B项中的copy是mimic的同义替换。C项“侵入系统后进行了自我学习”和D项“改变方法让自己尽可能长时间地不被发现”可从…could learn as it was spreading，and altered its methods to stay in the system for as long as possible中找到相关信息。A项“一个不完全由人工智能主导的软件”并未在原文中提及，故本题选A。

单选题 34.Compared with the companies elsewhere, the advantage of the ones in the United States is that they can______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段第二句While companies in the United States will often employ half a dozen security firms’products as defensive measures…，该句意为“美国的公司通常会使用六家安全公司的产品作为防御措施……”。由此可知，A项“能够使用来自安全公司的十多个基础设施”不符合原文表述。B项“独立地抵抗网络攻击”所指对象是其他地方的公司，并不是美国的公司，故不符合题意。D项“与许多易受伤害的对象进行合作”并未在原文中提及。由本段末句“美国的公司可以指望得到联邦政府的警告或帮助，而其他地方的公司往往只能靠自己去解决问题”可知，C项“依靠联邦政府的帮助”符合文意，故本题选C。

单选题 35.According to the last paragraph, the method cyberattack used against the central bank of Bangladesh is______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段第三句attackers had taken advantage of…，该句意为“黑客通过破坏银行的Swift账户，利用了银行计算机系统以前不为人知的一个弱点”。由此可知，A项“破坏银行的Swift账户”符合文意，其中A项关键词destroy是undermine的同义替换。B项“入侵银行电脑系统"表述范围宽泛。C项“窃取8 100万美元”是这次网络攻击的结果，并不是攻击采用的方法。D项“模仿网络的行为”在本段并未提及，故本题选A。