单选题 With obesity now affecting 29% of the population in England, and expected to rise to 35% by 2030, should we now recognise it as a disease? Obesity, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be adversely affected, meets the dictionary definition of disease, argues Professor John Wilding. He points out that more than 200 genes influence weight. "Thus body weight is strongly influenced by biology—it is not an individual’s fault if they develop obesity." Yet the widespread view is that obesity is self-induced and that it is entirely the individual’s responsibility to do something about it. Recognising obesity as a chronic disease with severe complications rather than a lifestyle choice "should help reduce the stigma (耻辱) and discrimination experienced by many people with obesity," he adds. Professor Wilding disagrees that labelling a high proportion of the population as having a disease removes personal responsibility or may overwhelm health services, pointing out that other common diseases, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, require people to take action to manage their condition. He suggests that most people with obesity will eventually develop complications. "But unless we accept that obesity is a disease, we are not going to be able to tackle it," he concludes. But Dr. Richard Pile, a physician with a special interest in diabetes, argues that adopting this approach "could actually result in worse outcomes for individuals and society." He believes that the dictionary definition of disease "is so vague that we can classify almost anything as a disease" and says the question is not whether we can, but whether we should, and to what end. If labelling obesity as a disease was harmless then it wouldn’t really matter, he writes. But labelling obesity as a disease "risks reducing autonomy, disempowering and robbing people of the intrinsic (内在的) motivation that is such an important enabler of change." What’s more, making obesity a disease "may not benefit patients, but it will benefit healthcare providers and the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry when health insurance and clinical guidelines promote treatment with drugs and surgery," he warns.

单选题 What does Professor John Wilding argue about obesity?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，约翰.怀尔丁教授认为肥胖符合字典对疾病的定义。他指出，有200多个基因影响体重。由此可知，肥胖是一种受基因影响的疾病，故答案为C)。第一段第一句提到，预计到2030年，将有35％的英国人口受肥胖影响，但是这并不是约翰·怀尔丁教授的看法，故排除A)；原文中并没有提到肥胖是否已不容忽视，故排除B)；原文第一段第二句只是说肥胖符合疾病的字典定义，而没有说应该更新肥胖的字典定义，故排除D)。

单选题 What is the popular view of obesity?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，普遍的观点是，肥胖是自己造成的，对此做些什么完全是个人的责任。由此可知，人们普遍认为肥胖是个人因素，是由于缺乏自控力导致的，故答案为D)。A)“很难定义”与B)“它是一种现代疾病”在原文中均未提及，因此排除；第一段第四句提到生物学对体重影响极大，但这是约翰.怀尔丁教授的看法，而非人们的普遍观点，故排除C)。

单选题 Why are some people opposed to labelling obesity as a disease?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，将较高比例的人口贴上患病的标签会使个人责任消失，或者可能使医疗服务不堪重负，怀尔丁教授不同意这一观点。反过来说，人们反对将肥胖列为疾病，就是认为这样做的话会让肥胖者认为自己没有责任，不需采取任何行动，故答案为A)。B)“肥胖的人负担不起医疗费用”与C)“肥胖的人会被焦虑压倒”在原文中均未提及，因此排除；原文第一段最后一句提到，将肥胖列为疾病有助于减少肥胖者遭受的歧视，虽然D)的意思与原文内容相符，但是与题干不符，故排除。

单选题 What does Dr. Richard Pile think of the dictionary definition of disease?

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，理查德.派尔医生认为，字典上对疾病的定义“如此模糊，以至于我们几乎可以将任何事物归类为疾病”。也就是说，疾病的定义范围太大，缺乏清晰度。因此本题答案为B)。A)“它对了解肥胖是没有用的”、C)“它对解决病人的问题帮助不大”和D)“这与对肥胖的争论无关”三项在原文中均未提及，因此排除。