单选题The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.
单选题
Although it has not been confirmed such proteins in whole milk are inducing in children under 12 months milk allergies, most pediatricians advise waiting until the child is one year old before introducing whole milk into his or her diet. A. such proteins in whole milk are inducing in children under 12 months milk allergies B. that under 12 months the proteins in whole milk can induce milk allergies in children C. of proteins in whole milk inducing milk allergies in children under 12 months D. the proteins in whole milk can induce milk allergies in children under 12 months E. that the proteins in whole milk can induce milk allergies in children under 12 months
【正确答案】
E
【答案解析】The proper construction to use here is "it has not been confirmed that..." B and E use this construction, but B incorrectly implies that the proteins, rather than the children, are under 12 months. A is awkward and confusing, the construction "confirmed of..." in C is unidiomatic, and the phrasing in D does not make sense with the rest of the sentence.
单选题
The tango club, which appeared moribund five years ago, has picked up a new step; its numbers are now three times more than when the club president decided to bring in a live band. A. step; its numbers are now three times more than B. step; its numbers are now three times greater than C. step, their numbers now threefold that which they had been D. step; now with numbers three times greater than E. step, now with three times the number they had
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】A is incorrect because the club doesn't have "more numbers of members," it has "greater numbers of members"; B makes the clearer comparison. The subject of the sentence is the singular "tango club," so the plural pronoun "they" in C and E is incorrect. The construction "now with numbers" in D is unidiomatic, because the phrase lacks a verb to make it sensibly follow the first clause. B, which forms a complete independent clause, is the best answer.
单选题
During the bronze sculpture boom of the late 1950s, more than 20 tons of bronze were shipped to the SoHo district of Manhattan so as they might sculpt countless bronze statues, busts, abstract shapes, and whimsical figurines. A. so as they might sculpt B. in order that they might be sculpted into C. so that there could be sculpted D. for the sculpting of E. such that they could be sculpted into
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】A incorrectly suggests that the tons of bronze might sculpt themselves. B and E are awkwardly worded, and their suggestion that the "tons" rather than the "bronze" will be sculpted is somewhat confusing. C is unidiomatic. D is the most concise and idiomatic choice.
单选题James Watson, who later headed the Human Genome Project, along with Englishman Francis Crick discovered the double helix in 1953, the basic structure of DNA, when the two were young scientists. A. James Watson, who later headed the Human Genome Project, along with Englishman Francis Crick discovered the double helix in 1953, the basic structure of DNA, when the two were young scientists. B. The double helix, the basic structure of DNA, was discovered in 1953 by two young scientists, the Englishman Francis Crick and James Watson, who later headed the Human Genome Project. C. The basic structure of DNA, the double helix, was discovered in 1953 by the Englishman Francis Crick and James Watson, later head of the Human Genome Project, two young scientists. D. The Englishman Francis Crick and James Watson, later heading the Human Genome Project, were the young scientists who discovered the basic structure of DNA in 1953, which was the double helix. E. The basic structure of DNA, the double helix, was discovered by James Watson, later head of the Human Genome Project, along with another of two young scientists, the Englishman Francis Crick, in 1953.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】A implies that 1953 may have been the basic structure of DNA. In C, the phrase "two young scientists" dangles at the end of the sentence with no clear referent. In D, the "which" has no clear referent, and it could be interpreted to read that the double helix was the structure of DNA only in 1953. The information is presented less logically in E than in B, because it makes the most sense to mention that there were two scientists prior to naming either of them, and because it would be clearer if the date of discovery and the verb "discovered" were paired more closely in the sentence. B presents the clearest statement of the facts.
单选题
Atmospheric scientists in recent years have observed increasing concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons in the tertiary layer of the stratosphere, findings consistent with the documented growth in chlorofluorocarbon emissions from industrial activity. A. findings consistent with the documented growth in chlorofluorocarbon emissions from industrial activity B. which are consistent with the documented growth in chlorofluorocarbon emissions from industrial activity C. a finding consistent with growth in chlorofluorocarbon emissions from industrial activity, as documented D. finding documented growth consistent with chlorofluorocarbon emissions from industrial activity E. which findings are consistent with industrial activity's documented growth in chlorofluorocarbon emissions
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】A is idiomatic and makes clear that the "findings" in the second clause refers to the "observed increasing concentrations" in the first clause. B has no clear referent for "which." In C, it is unclear from the dangling "as documented" what exactly has been documented. In D, it is unclear what is meant by "finding documented growth"; they could "document growth" if they published their findings, or they could find "documented growth" if they were looking through documents, but this latter scenario does not agree with the field observations described in the first clause. In E, "which findings are consistent" is unidiomatic. A is the best choice.
单选题
The medical board, concerned by the drop in insurance payments and the failure of the accounting department to obtain the anticipated funds, resolved to pursue legal action against the insurance company. A. concerned by the drop in insurance payments and the failure of the accounting department to obtain B. concerning the drop in payments by insurance and the failure of the accounting department to obtain C. because of its concern for the dropping insurance payments and the accounting department's failure at obtaining D. in its concern that the drop in insurance payments and the failure of the accounting department to obtain E. being concerned about the drop in insurance payments and the accounting department failing to obtain
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】A presents the information in the clearest and most idiomatic way of all the answer choices. B does not make sense in the context of the sentence. In C, "failure at obtaining" is not idiomatic. The "concern that... "structure in D is never completed; it is concerned that the drop and the failure will do what? In E, "being concerned about the drop" is not idiomatic.
单选题
The number of violent crimes committed in the greater metropolitan area of Sao Paolo, Brazil, more than doubled from 1975 to 1990 by the influx of drugs. A. more than doubled B. increased by more than twice C. increased more than two times D. was increased more than double E. was more than doubled
【正确答案】
E
【答案解析】The clause "by the influx of drugs" at the end of the sentence means that the verb in the phrase should be passive, since the sentence specifies that the actor of the sentence is "influx"; therefore, A, B, and C are incorrect because their active verb forms do not agree with this final clause. The construction "increased more than double" in D is not idiomatic. E is the best answer.