填空题
下的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段第段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Lung Cancer
1 The
death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in
males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is
considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There
are many possible cause, but it is still controversial which are most
blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are
thepresence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air (smoke
particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and
cigars.
2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking
correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among
heavy smokers—21 to 30 cigarettes per day—the mortality rate from lung cancer is
nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among
women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its
effect.
3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at
the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often,
however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray
machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays. Modern X-ray
machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40
years of age, that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of
discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.
4 A common form of lung cancer is broncho-genic carcinoma, so-called
because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the
bronchus is blocked, cutting spaces between lung and the outside, with a
resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can
also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck
as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that
offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is
to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy.
5 Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland
and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths.
A. Common Secondary Lung Cancers
B. The
Advantages Brought about by Routine Chest Checkup
C.
Relationship Between Mortality Rate from Lung Cancer and Smoking
Habits
D. Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers
E. The Increasing Death Rate from Lung Cancer and Possible
Causes
F. An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer