单选题
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is【C1】______to say it anyway. He is that【C2】______bird, a scientist who works independently【C3】______any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not【C4】______thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 【C5】______he, however, might tremble at the【C6】______of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only【C7】______that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in【C8】______is a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally does well in IQ test, 【C9】______12-15 points above the【C10】______value of 100, and have contributed【C11】______to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the【C12】______of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 【C13】______They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 【C14】______, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been【C15】______to social effects, such as a strong tradition of【C16】______education. The latter was seen as a(an) 【C17】______of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately【C18】______. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has【C19】______them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this【C20】______state of affairs.
单选题
【C1】
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】解析:本题考查语义衔接。本题目选择动词过去分词形式,构成be…to的结构,在句子中充当谓语。选项A.selected选择;B.prepared准备;C.obliged迫使,责成;D.pleased高兴。前边相邻句子The idea that some people may be more intelligent than others is oneof those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.“一些人比另一些人聪明,这一观点一直是人们不敢明确提出来的假设之一。”本题所在句子大意是由But一词引导,在句意上与前一句相反,即“打算或准备说了”,故选B。
【答案解析】解析:本题考查惯用衔接。independent其后应搭配of,意为“独立于,不依赖于”。还应注意dependent后面还可搭配on,但意为“依赖于,依靠于”。He is that rare bird,ascientist who works independently any institution.大意是“他就是那个稀有之人,是一位不依赖于任何机构的独立的科学家”。故选A。
单选题
【C4】
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析:本题考查语义衔接。本题目选择副词,在句子中充当状语。句子叙述到Hehelped popularize the idea that some diseases not thought to have a bacterial cause were actuallyinfections,which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested.分析本句结构可以看出:that引导的是同位语从句.说明idea的内容,从句中some diseases not…thought tohave a bacterial cause是主语部分,谓语是were actually infections…,而后面which引导的非限制定语从句是修饰the idea这个名词的。解本题的关键词是actually“实际上”,隐含转折之意,即过去的看法和实际情况不同。选项A.subsequently随后;B.presently当前;C.previously先前;D.lately近来,最近。为了与本句子中的“actually,实际上”相互呼应,要体现时间上的先后交替关系。故选C。
【答案解析】解析:本题考查词汇辨析。本题目选择形容词,在句子中充当定语,修饰后面的名词。scoring 12一15 points above the value of 100,“这个群体在智商测试中成绩最好,比100分的……分多得12分到15分。”选项A.normal正常的;B.common普通的;共同的:C.mean平均的;D.total总共的。一般来说,average表示“平均的”较常用,mean表达这个意义时比较正式。100分是个参照值,这个数字是大多数人的基本智商数值。故选C。
单选题
【C11】
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】解析:本题考查语义衔接。本题目选择副词,在句子中充当状语。This group generallydo well in IQ tests,scoring 12—15 points above the mean value of 100,and have contributed to theintellectual and cultural life of the West.大意是“这个群体在智商测试中成绩很好,比100分的平均分多得12分到15分。这个群体为西方的学术和文化做出的贡献是……”,选项B“不成比例地;不相称地,比例太大(或太小)地”,与题意相符合。选项A.unconsciously无意识地;C.indefinitely不确定地;D.unaccountably不能说明的;不可理解的。这三项都不符合题意。故选B。
【答案解析】解析:本题考查逻辑衔接。本题目选择逻辑关系词,体现前后两个句子的逻辑关系。They also suffer more often than most people from a number Of nasty genetic diseases,such asbreast cancer.These facts,have previously been thought unrelated.大意是“此外,与多数人相比,他们更容易患一些恶性的遗传病,例如乳腺癌。……人们以前认为这些情况是没有关联的。”选项A.moreover此外,而且;B.therefore因此;C.however然而,但是;D.meanwhile同时。前后两个句子表现出转折关系。故选C。
单选题
【C15】
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】解析:本题考查词汇辨析。本题目选择动词短语,在句子中充当谓语。选项A.begiven up to让与……;B.get over克服(不与to连用);C.carry on继续(不与to连用);D.be put down to归因于。选项D.be put down to归因于,句意为“智商归因于社会影响”,符合句子含义。故选D。
【答案解析】解析:本题考查固定搭配。本题目选择动词,在句子中构成固定搭配,充当谓语。Hisargument is that the unusual history of these people has them to unique evolutionary pressures“他的观点是,这些人非同寻常的经历使其更容易遭受独特的进化压力”。选项A.limited to局限于,限制(只能构成be limited to短语),被限制在……;B.subjected to使遭受(经受,屈服)subject…to…使……屈服于……;C.convened to转变为,改变;D.directed to指向,导向。故选B。
单选题
【C20】
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:本题考查词汇辨析。His argument is that the unusual history of these people hasthem to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this state of affairs。大意是“他的观点是,这些人非同寻常的经历使其更容易遭受独特的进化压力,而这些压力导致了这种似乎矛盾的状况”。本文一方面说,这类人贡献很大;但另一方面他们经受的独特的进化压力使他们更容易患上恶性疾病,看似矛盾,令人困惑,故选A。