单选题 The cost of plant and equipment includes all expenditures reasonable and necessary in acquring the asset and placing it in a position and condition for use in the operations of the business. Only reasonable and necessary expenditures should be{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}For example, if the company' truck driver receives a traffic ticket while hauling a new machine to the plant, the traffic{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}is not part of the cost of the new machine. If the machine is dropped and{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}while being uploaded, the cost of repairing the damage should be{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}as expense in the current period and should not be added{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}the cost of the machine.
Cost is most easily determined{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}an asset is purchased for cash. The cost of the as set is then{{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}to the cash outlay necessary in acquiring the asset{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}any expenditure for freight, insurance while in transit, installation, trial runs, and any other{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}necessary to make the asset ready for use. If plant assets are{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}on the installment plan or by issuance of notes payable, the interest element or carrying charge should be{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}as interest expense and not as part of the cost of the plant assets.
Why should all the incidental charges{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}to the acquisition of a machine{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}included in its cost? Why{{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}treat these incidental charges as expenses of the period in which the machine is acquired?
The answer is to be found in the basic accounting{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}of matching costs and revenue. The benefits of{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}the machine will be received over a span of years, 10 years, for example. During those 10 years the{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the machine will contribute to revenue.{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the total costs of the machine should be recorded in the accounts as a(n){{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}and allocated against the revenue of the 10 years. All costs incurred in acquiring the machine are costs for services to be{{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}from using the machine.
单选题
  • A. excluded
  • B. included
  • C. combined
  • D. spent
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】included意为“包括进来”,文中意思是“只有合理的、必要的支出才应当包括进来”。而excluded意为“除外”;combined意为“结合”均不合题意,spent不能接expenditure作宾语
单选题
  • A. accident
  • B. freight
  • C. fine
  • D. expenditure
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据上文的traffic ticket"罚单”,这里指交通罚金,只有fine有“罚金”的意思。 accident意为“交通事故”;freidlt意为“运费,货运”;expenditure意为“支出”。
单选题
  • A. damaged
  • B. destroyed
  • C. split
  • D. hurt
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】文中说到“如果机器功能减退并…”,从逻辑上可判断,表示“功能减退并有损坏”,应选damaged,意为“招致损害”。destroyed意为“消灭,摧毁”表示彻底摧毁,超出题目表达范畴;split意为“裂开,裂口”,太过具体,且不适于修饰机器;hurt意为“损害,受伤”,多指人受到伤害。
单选题
  • A. decided
  • B. recognized
  • C. known
  • D. spent
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】be recognized as意为“视为;被看作”。known可以与a9搭配,但意为“被认为是;以……而闻名”。其他两项decided和spent均不可与as搭配。
单选题
  • A. at
  • B. in
  • C. on
  • D. to
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】此处需表达“不应被加到机器的成本之上”之意。协与add相连意为“加到……上”,如:He added his name to the petition.他在请愿书上签了名。
单选题
  • A. which
  • B. that
  • C. when
  • D. what
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本句意为“当用现金购买资产时,成本很容易计算。”由此可以判断,此处应选时间状语从句的连接词when,而which,that,what均为名词性从句或定语从句的连接词,不符合题意。
单选题
  • A. superior
  • B. inferior
  • C. added
  • D. equal
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】从文章“资产的成本等于购置资产时所花的现金”判断,应选equal,因为be equal to意为“与……相等”。be superior to意为“超过,优于;be inferior to意为“少于,不足”;be added to意为“在……基础上添加”。
单选题
  • A. taking
  • B. adding
  • C. minus
  • D. plus
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】文章在解释构成资产成本的等式,因此此处需要表示数学计算中相加的词汇。plus正好是个表示“相加、加上”的介词,add虽然也可表示相加,但后面一般跟介词to。
单选题
  • A. costs
  • B. fee
  • C. cash
  • D. charges
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】从前文的expenditures可以推断此处需真表示支出的词。costs意为“支出,成本”,与题意相符。fee意为“费用”;cash意为“现金”;charges意为“费用”,均不太准确。
单选题
  • A. purchased
  • B. kept
  • C. offered
  • D. expended
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】purchased意为“购买”,前面说到"when an asset is purchased for cash",此处表达用分期付款方式购买,仍属对上文用词的强调。
单选题
  • A. pat
  • B. recorded
  • C. paid
  • D. charged
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据文意,这里应表示“视为,被记录为”,record正符号文意,而put,paid, charged无此类搭配,所以不能选。
单选题
  • A. concerning
  • B. required
  • C. relating
  • D. connected
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】这里需要分词作后置定语,relating to意为“和……有关的”,符合题意。con cerning后面应直接加宾语;connected后面应接with;repaired与题意无关。
单选题
  • A. is
  • B. will be
  • C. to be
  • D. be
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】should后面的动词以用原形,所以选be。
单选题
  • A. not
  • B. too
  • C. also
  • D. but
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据前句话判断,这句表达了作者的疑问,“为什么不把这些突发费用归入支出项?”。Why not句型省略了主语和助动词。
单选题
  • A. principal
  • B. technique
  • C. principle
  • D. technology
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】表达会计学的付账原则应选principle。principal意为“负责人、首长”;technique意为“技术,技巧”;technology意为“科技,技术”。
单选题
  • A. owing
  • B. owning
  • C. operating
  • D. repairing
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】此处要表达“拥有”机器的收益,owning正好意为“拥有”。owing意为“该付的,未付的”;operating意为“操作”;repairing意为“修理”。
单选题
  • A. operation
  • B. acquisition
  • C. reservation
  • D. maintenance
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】operation意为“操作”,正合文意,表示操作机器会带来盈利。acquisition意为“获得,获得物”;reservation意为“保留,(旅馆房间等)预定,预约”;maintenance意为“保持,生活费用,抚养”。
单选题
  • A. However
  • B. Furthermore
  • C. In the end
  • D. Consequently
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】由以上原因引出结果,应选结果连词,只有consequently表示结果关系,为正确答案。however表示转折关系;furthermore表示递进关系;in the end意为叙述文中的“最终”。
单选题
  • A. item
  • B. asset
  • C. cost
  • D. liability
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本题考查词义辨析。从上文分析,这里意思是“机器也要作为财产记账”,只有asset意为“财产”。
单选题
  • A. owed
  • B. acquired
  • C. received
  • D. accepted
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题考查固定搭配。连接services应用动词receive,意为“获得”,be received from意为“从…中获得”。