阅读理解
How to Reduce Your Weight? You feel sad; " I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?" Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. How can obese (肥胖的)people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising; by metabolic (新陈代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn' t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: they have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60—69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
单选题11.What determines your weight according to Paragraph 1 ?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】根据题目可定位至第一段。根据第一段第二句“Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it”可知，是你的基因而非生活习惯决定你的体重，因为你的身体一直在试图维持着某个体重。因此该题正确答案为D。
单选题12.What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】根据题目中Jules Hirsch，可定位至第二段第三句。据此我们知道他的实验对象是8个胖人。其后一句“They were given liquid formula providing 600 calories a day”。据此可知这8个实验对象每天只能依靠提供600热卡的流食配方。D选项为该句的同义表述，因此为正确答案。
单选题13.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?
【答案解析】根据题目中scientists think true可定位至最后一段第三句“the findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range”。由此可知科学家们的发现证明了他们认为是正确的想法，即每个人的体重都有一个适当的浮动范围。这个浮动范围可能是9公斤，但并非每个人都相同，所以可以排除干扰项B选项。因此该题正确答案为A。