In the field of sleep and dreams, these are promising times. But there’s been no year more momentous than 1953. Until then, scientists had equated sleep with flicking off a desk lamp. For more than two decades they’d been able to record brain activity in sleep, but the feeling was, why bother? Why waste reams of costly graph paper making electroencephalogram recordings of what was thought to be a neurological desert? With no strong expectation of finding otherwise, University of Chicago researchers Eugene Aserinski and Nathaniel decided it was worth doing, monitoring 10 subjects in a laboratory. Their findings turned our understanding of the sleeping brain upside down.
What they discovered was a sleep state in which the brain is, in many ways, every bit as active as when it’s awake; a state in which, compared with other stages of sleep, the heart beats faster breathing quickens blond pressure and blood flow to the brain (and sexual organs) use, while the eyes move rapidly beneath their lids. Brain waves are low-voltage and high-frequency— the opposite to the brain waves of deep sleep, more like what goes on when a person is awake, thinking and talking. A woken from this paradoxical state that Aserinski and Kleitman called Rspid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, subjects could usually recall vivid dreams. In a single swoop, the pair had not only uncovered what many regard as a third state of consciousness, but raised expectations that the mysteries of how and why we dream might soon be solved.
The quest for answers has been hindered by doubt: is dreaming a mystery worth solving? Science has long had uneasy relationship with our nocturnal imaginings. While some brilliant practitioners have worked— and do work— in the field, its links with mysticism and Freudian theory have repelled others like a bad odor. Everybody dreams and most people talk about theirs now and again. But once, as children, we learn to distinguish these delusions from reality, dreams usually become no more than a sideshow, sometimes disturbing, occasionally poignant, but mostly something to be forgotten, quickly and completely, if they were remembered in the first place.
It’s easy, in other words, to lose sight of what a remarkable phenomenon dreaming is. Every night devoid of external sensory stimulation, our brains screen internally-projected films concocted from pieces of our own thoughts. Nearly always in the lead role, we flee from danger, triumph and flop in our areas of endeavor and enjoy passionate encounters with people we yearn for or hardly know. We do these things and countless others not in a state of detachment but rather, despite the bizarre distortions typical of dreams, convinced the events are real and with our emotions and senses engaged. That the movies we watch in theaters were so engrossing.