单选题
What can be inferred about California from the lecture?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[听力原文]
California was settled by the Spanish to keep other colonial powers from claiming the territory and its natural resources. One reminder of California"s colonial past is the large number of well-preserved Spanish missions. Starting in the eighteenth century, the Spanish government built a chain of twenty-one missions, each about a day"s ride away from one another. All together, the missions extended along more than 500 miles of the old "king"s highway" from Sonoma in the north to San Diego in the south.
The Spanish missions in California were an essential part of the colonial structure. Beyond their obvious religious and political functions, the missions had an economic function as well. They supported the cultivation of crops and animal husbandry and trained the native people in a number of skills. The missions produced the first domestic grapes and oranges, crops that are still an important part of California"s economy. The missionaries also valued education and promoted literacy among the native people.
The word "mission" applies not just to the church but to the whole community. The typical mission consisted of a church, a village for the Spaniards to settle in, a village for the native people, and a military garrison to protect the mission.
The precise layout differs at every mission, but the majority of missions show a number of common architectural characteristics. The most typical plan was a large quadrangle, a square-shaped arrangement of buildings around a central courtyard. The church was the largest of the buildings, and it usually formed one whole side, or a part of one side, of the courtyard. Next to the church, there was a long arcade that extended along a row of rooms that opened onto the highway. There was usually an office for the overseer, who kept business records, and two or three rooms for the soldiers of the guard. There were also other rooms for guests, since another function of the missions was to provide lodging for travelers along the highway.
At the center of the mission was an inner courtyard with a fountain. The courtyard was a beautiful garden, planted with flowers and shrubs. There were gravel pathways crossing the courtyard and a fountain at the center. Facing the courtyard were the rooms and dormitories of the resident monks. Other rooms on other sides included a kitchen and dining room, various shops and storerooms, and sometimes a hospital.
Some missions had rooms for wine making and olive pressing, soap and candle making, weaving, carpentry, and blacksmithing. Outside the compound would be other structures such as a granary, pottery workshop, tannery, hay barn, and stable. A short distance away was the native village of row houses made of wood or adobe with roofs made of tile.
The chief building materials of the missions were adobe and stucco. Adobe was made by mixing clay, sand, and water, sometimes with straw as a binder, and pouring the mixture into molds to dry in the sun. Large blocks of adobe were laid with mortar into walls, which in the church were as high as 30 feet. To prevent erosion by the winter rains, the adobe blocks were coated with stucco made of sand and lime from the seashells that were plentiful along California"s coast.
What can be inferred about California from the lecture?
The professor says One reminder of California"s colonial past is the large number of well-preserved Spanish missions; The Spanish missions in California were an essential part of the colonial structure. Beyond their obvious religious and political functions, the missions had an economic function as well. You can infer that California became a well established colony because of its missions.
California was settled by the Spanish to keep other colonial powers from claiming the territory and its natural resources. One reminder of California"s colonial past is the large number of well-preserved Spanish missions. Starting in the eighteenth century, the Spanish government built a chain of twenty-one missions, each about a day"s ride away from one another. All together, the missions extended along more than 500 miles of the old "king"s highway" from Sonoma in the north to San Diego in the south.
The Spanish missions in California were an essential part of the colonial structure. Beyond their obvious religious and political functions, the missions had an economic function as well. They supported the cultivation of crops and animal husbandry and trained the native people in a number of skills. The missions produced the first domestic grapes and oranges, crops that are still an important part of California"s economy. The missionaries also valued education and promoted literacy among the native people.
The word "mission" applies not just to the church but to the whole community. The typical mission consisted of a church, a village for the Spaniards to settle in, a village for the native people, and a military garrison to protect the mission.
The precise layout differs at every mission, but the majority of missions show a number of common architectural characteristics. The most typical plan was a large quadrangle, a square-shaped arrangement of buildings around a central courtyard. The church was the largest of the buildings, and it usually formed one whole side, or a part of one side, of the courtyard. Next to the church, there was a long arcade that extended along a row of rooms that opened onto the highway. There was usually an office for the overseer, who kept business records, and two or three rooms for the soldiers of the guard. There were also other rooms for guests, since another function of the missions was to provide lodging for travelers along the highway.
At the center of the mission was an inner courtyard with a fountain. The courtyard was a beautiful garden, planted with flowers and shrubs. There were gravel pathways crossing the courtyard and a fountain at the center. Facing the courtyard were the rooms and dormitories of the resident monks. Other rooms on other sides included a kitchen and dining room, various shops and storerooms, and sometimes a hospital.
Some missions had rooms for wine making and olive pressing, soap and candle making, weaving, carpentry, and blacksmithing. Outside the compound would be other structures such as a granary, pottery workshop, tannery, hay barn, and stable. A short distance away was the native village of row houses made of wood or adobe with roofs made of tile.
The chief building materials of the missions were adobe and stucco. Adobe was made by mixing clay, sand, and water, sometimes with straw as a binder, and pouring the mixture into molds to dry in the sun. Large blocks of adobe were laid with mortar into walls, which in the church were as high as 30 feet. To prevent erosion by the winter rains, the adobe blocks were coated with stucco made of sand and lime from the seashells that were plentiful along California"s coast.
What can be inferred about California from the lecture?
The professor says One reminder of California"s colonial past is the large number of well-preserved Spanish missions; The Spanish missions in California were an essential part of the colonial structure. Beyond their obvious religious and political functions, the missions had an economic function as well. You can infer that California became a well established colony because of its missions.
单选题
Why does the professor say this:
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[听力原文]
Why does the professor say this:
"They supported the cultivation of crops and animal husbandry and trained the native people in a number of skills. The missions produced the first domestic grapes and oranges, crops that are still an important part of California"s economy. The missionaries also valued education and promoted literacy among the native people."
The professor"s purpose is to show how the missions benefited California. He gives examples of important economic and social functions of the missions.
Why does the professor say this:
"They supported the cultivation of crops and animal husbandry and trained the native people in a number of skills. The missions produced the first domestic grapes and oranges, crops that are still an important part of California"s economy. The missionaries also valued education and promoted literacy among the native people."
The professor"s purpose is to show how the missions benefited California. He gives examples of important economic and social functions of the missions.
单选题
What does the professor mean when he says this:
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[听力原文]
What does the professor mean when he says this:
"The word "mission" applies not just to the church but to the whole community."
The professor means that a mission was a settlement that included a church. A mission was a whole community. A mission always had a church, but it also had other types of buildings and other functions besides the teaching of religion.
What does the professor mean when he says this:
"The word "mission" applies not just to the church but to the whole community."
The professor means that a mission was a settlement that included a church. A mission was a whole community. A mission always had a church, but it also had other types of buildings and other functions besides the teaching of religion.
单选题
Why does the professor say this:
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[听力原文]
Why does the professor say this:
"Some missions had rooms for wine making and olive pressing, soap and candle making, weaving, carpentry, and blacksmithing. Outside the compound would be other structures such as a granary, pottery workshop, tannery, hay barn, and stable."
The professor"s purpose is to list the various uses of mission buildings, such as wine making and olive pressing, soap and candle making, weaving, carpentry, and blacksmithing, as well as storage for crops and shelter for animals.
Why does the professor say this:
"Some missions had rooms for wine making and olive pressing, soap and candle making, weaving, carpentry, and blacksmithing. Outside the compound would be other structures such as a granary, pottery workshop, tannery, hay barn, and stable."
The professor"s purpose is to list the various uses of mission buildings, such as wine making and olive pressing, soap and candle making, weaving, carpentry, and blacksmithing, as well as storage for crops and shelter for animals.
多选题
Based on the information in the lecture, which of the following could be found in a typical Spanish mission in California?
Click on 3 answers.
Click on 3 answers.
【正确答案】
A、D、E
【答案解析】[听力原文]
Based on the information in the lecture, which of the following could be found in a typical Spanish mission in California?
A typical Spanish mission in California would have a courtyard with a church on one side: The church was the largest of the buildings, and it usually formed one whole side, or a part of one side, of the courtyard. It also had a central garden with a water fountain: At the center of the mission was an inner courtyard with a fountain. The courtyard was a beautiful garden, planted with .flowers and shrubs. It also had walls made of adobe and stucco: The chief building materials of the missions were adobe and stucco; ...the adobe blocks were coated with stucco made of sand and lime....
Based on the information in the lecture, which of the following could be found in a typical Spanish mission in California?
A typical Spanish mission in California would have a courtyard with a church on one side: The church was the largest of the buildings, and it usually formed one whole side, or a part of one side, of the courtyard. It also had a central garden with a water fountain: At the center of the mission was an inner courtyard with a fountain. The courtyard was a beautiful garden, planted with .flowers and shrubs. It also had walls made of adobe and stucco: The chief building materials of the missions were adobe and stucco; ...the adobe blocks were coated with stucco made of sand and lime....
单选题
Which of the following best describes the organization of the lecture?
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[听力原文]
Which of the following best describes the organization of the lecture?
The lecture is mainly a description of layout and functions. The professor says: Beyond their obvious religious and political functions, the missions had an economic function as well; The precise layout differs at every mission, but the majority of missions show a number of common architectural characteristics. The most typical plan was a large quadrangle, a square-shaped arrangement of buildings around a central courtyard; At the center of the mission was...; Facing the courtyard were...; Other rooms on other sides...; Some missions had rooms for....
Which of the following best describes the organization of the lecture?
The lecture is mainly a description of layout and functions. The professor says: Beyond their obvious religious and political functions, the missions had an economic function as well; The precise layout differs at every mission, but the majority of missions show a number of common architectural characteristics. The most typical plan was a large quadrangle, a square-shaped arrangement of buildings around a central courtyard; At the center of the mission was...; Facing the courtyard were...; Other rooms on other sides...; Some missions had rooms for....