| Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical, economic, and sociology | 【B1】________ |
| theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. According to Marxism, the conscious | 【B2】________ |
| of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production. | 【B3】________ |
| The set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this | 【B4】________ |
| class forms a ideological superstructure, and this ideological superstructure is | 【B5】________ |
| shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base. Hence the | 【B6】________ |
| term“historic materialism.”Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter | 【B7】________ |
| above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces. There is thus a dialectical | 【B8】________ |
| relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background. | 【B9】________ |
| Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form | 【B10】________ |
| of the work and the economic, class, social, or ideological factors that shape and | 【B11】________ |
| determines that content and form. Bourgeois writers, for example, inevitably propagate a | 【B12】________ |
| bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo, to see it as natural rather | 【B13】________ |
| than historical. The notion that there is a one- to-one correspondence to the class | 【B14】________ |
| consciousness of the writer, the ideology of the work, and the society-historical | 【B15】________ |
| background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism, even by | 【B16】________ |
| Marxists themselves. Sophisticated Marxism, however, like Fredric Jameson | 【B17】________ |
| points out, is concerned with“the influence of the given social raw material, not only | 【B18】________ |
| on the content, but on the very form of the work themselves.... [The dialectical | 【B19】________ |
| interaction of work and background], this fact of sheer interrelationship, is prior of | 【B20】________ |
| any of the conceptual categories, such as causality, reflection, or analogy, subsequently evoked to explain it” |
【B1】
sociology → sociological
(根据句意,马克思主义批评建立在历史、经济和社会学理论的基础上,此处应填sociology的形容词 sociological。)
【B2】
conscious → consciousness
(由后面的of可知,此处应填入名词,即conscious的名词consciousness。)
【B3】
of →from
(根据句意,特定历史时刻某一阶层的意识来源于物质生产模式,derive from为固定搭配,意为“源自”,所 以把of改为from。)
【B4】
The →A
(前文中并没有提到这一系列的信仰以及价值观等,所以无须特指。)
【B5】
a→an
(在元音前面要用an。)
【B6】
Hence →Namely
(hence其后一般接句子,namely后直接接名词,意为“即是,也就是”。)
【B7】
historic →historical
(historic意为“有历史意义的;历史上著名的”,historical意为“历史的”,根据全文可知本句要表达的意思为后者。)
【B8】
above →over
(根据句意,马克思主义认为物质先于思想存在,priority over为固定搭配,意为“优先于”,所以把above改成over。)
【B9】
between →within
(根据句意,此处是讲文学作品内部与其社会历史背景之间存在一些关联,故应用within。)
【B10】
or →with
(根据句意,此处表示内容和形式之间的因果联系,connections后应接with。)
【B11】
class →classical
(根据句意,此处表示历史因素,应为形容词,故将class改成classical。)
【B12】
determines →determine
(根据句意可知此处主语为历史、社会或者思想因素,主语为复数,故谓语动词应用复数形式。)
【B13】
universalizing →universalize
(seek to意为“力图做…”,其后接动词原形,故universalize无须用-ing形式。)
【B14】
class →classical
(根据句意,此处讲的是作家的古典意识,而非阶级意识。)
【B15】
society-historical →socio-historical
(根据句意,此处指的是社会历史背景,前文有提到其正确表达是socio-historical。)
【B16】
labeled →labeled as
(根据句意,这种社会历史背景通常被归为通俗马克思主义,be labeled as为固定搭配,意为“划归”。)
【B17】
like →as
(like为介词,后面接名词或名词性短语,此处为一个完整的句子,故应用连词,所以将like改成as。)
【B18】
material →materials
(根据句意,特定社会原材料应用复数,所以把material改为materials。)
【B19】
themselves →itself
(根据句意,此处是指作品形式本身,为单数,故应将themselves改成itself。)
【B20】
of →to
(be prior to为固定搭配,意为“在…之前”,故应将of改成to。)