First aid is
emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful
medical treatment is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain
vital signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed airway (气道), and
breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from
worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as
quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can
make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim's needs and provider's level of
knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as
knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example,
can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪).
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply
to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The
victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested,
and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene,
asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of
the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and
preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim
should be checked for medical bracelet (手镯) or card that describes special
medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may
suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid
requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening
conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known by the
acronym (首字母缩写词) ABC, which stands for: A—Airway: Is it open
and unobstructed? B—Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look,
listen, and feel for breathing. C—Circulation: Is there a
pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for
additional indications of circulation problems. Once obvious
injuries have been evaluated, the injured person's head should be kept in a
neutral position in line with the body. If no evidence exists to suggest
potential skull or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable
position. Positioned on one side, a victim can vomit without choking or
obstructing the airway.
单选题
First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT ______.
A. saving a victim's life
B. preventing a victim's condition from getting worse
C. helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury