论述题 41.Discuss any FOUR of the features of human language that distinguish it from animal communication system.
【正确答案】Any four of the following five features will be considered correct:arbitrariness,creativity(productivity),duality(double articulation),displacement,cultural transmission.
Arbitrariness:human language is arbitrary,i.e.there is no logical connection between a linguistic sign and what it refers to.
Productivity:Human language allows human beings to produce and understand an unlimited number of sentences they have never heard before.Animals have a limited number of signals for communication.
Duality:Human language is structured as having two levels.On the lower level there exist a limited mumber of sounds which are by themselves meaningless;on the higher level.there are an unlimited number of sound combinations.This feature gives human language great expressive power.Such a feature is totally lacking in any animal communication system.
Displacement:Humans with their language can talk about anything without being limited by time or space.But animal communication is limited to the“here”and“now”.
Cultural transmission:Human language is not genetically transmitted,but is taught and learnt.
Means of animal communication is genetically transmitted.
【答案解析】