填空题. People who grew up in America and Western Europe have become used to the idea that the West dominates the world economy. In fact, it is normal 1 that a group of 30-odd countries with a small fraction of the world's population should be calling the shots. For most of human history, economic power has been determined in demography. In 1700, the world's 2 biggest economy (and leading cotton producer) was India, of a population 3 of 165m, followed by China, with 138m. Britain's 8.6m people produced less than 3% of the world's input. Even in 1820, as the industrial 4 revolution in Britain was gathering pace, the two Asian giants still counted 5 for half the world's GDP. The spread of purpose-built manufactories like Quarry Bank Mill separated economic power and population, increasingly so as the West got richer. Be 6 able to make a lot of more stuff with fewer workers meant that even a small 7 country could be a giant economic power. By 1870, the average income in Britain was six times larger than India. But by the eve of the first world 8 war, Britain's income per head had been overtaken by it of America, the 9 20th century's great power. America remains the world's biggest economy, but that status is in 10 threat from a resurgent China. With hindsight, its change in fortune can be traced to 1976.