【正确答案】正确答案：(1)Structural factors in comprehension. Comprehension of written and spoken language can he difficult because it is not always easy to identify the constituents(phrases)of a sentence and the ways in which they relate to one another. Psycholinguists have proposed principles interpreting sentence comprehension with respect to the grammatical constraints. The most popular principle is Minimal attachment which defines "structurally simpler" , and it claims that structural simplicity guides all initial analyses in sentence comprehension. In this view, the sentence processor constructs a single analysis of a sentence and attempts to interpret it. The first analysis is the one that requires the fewest applications of grammatical rules to attach each incoming word into the structure being built; it is the automatic consequence of an effort to get some analysis constructed as soon as possible. Consider the sentence The second wife will claim the inheritance belongs to her. When the inheritance first appears, it could be interpreted as either the direct object of claim or the subject of belongs. It was found that readers" eyes fixated for longer than usual on the verb belongs, which disambiguates the sentence. They interpreted this result to mean that readers first interpreted the inheritance as a direct object. Readers were disrupted when they had to revise this initial interpretation to the one in which the inheritance is subject of belongs. They described the readers as being led down a garden path because the direct object analysis is structurally simpler than the other possible analysis. (2)Lexical factors in comprehension. Psycholinguists have proposed that the human sentence processor is primarily guided by information about specific words that is stored in the lexicon. In the sentences like The salesman glanced at a/the customer with suspicion/ripped jeans, the prepositional phrases with suspicion or with ripped jeans could modify either the verb glance or the noun customer, This is true only for action verbs, not for perception verbs like glance at. It has been noted that an actual preference for noun phrase modification only appeared when the noun had the indefinite article a.