Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.
【真题来源：2020年9月大学英语四级真题（第一套）Part Ⅲ，Section C，第46-50题】
Passage One
Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change our weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.
Trying to live up to the images of “perfect” models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a financial cost. Having an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by nearly US $ 2,000 per person.
Why is there both external and internal pressure to look “ perfect”? One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy⁃looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.
While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?
Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.
As in other research, women in our sample tend to over⁃perceive weight—they think they're heavier than they are—while men tend to under⁃perceive theirs.
We found no relationship between the average person's self⁃perception of weight and labor market outcomes, although self⁃perceived weight can influence self-perception（自尊心） , mental health and health behaviors.
While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.
Since employers' perception of weight is what matters in the labor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.
What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?
根据题干关键词adverse impact定位至第二段。第二段首句提到，试图达到“完美的”模特和电影英雄的形象，这样做有不良的影响：焦虑、抑郁以及不健康的减肥或增肌计划。且第三段中解释了人们追求看起来“完美”的一个原因是：社会奖励那些看起来又瘦又健康的人。可知，“试图满足社会对外貌的期望”会产生不利影响，故答案选D项。文中提到整形手术只是追求完美体型的一种方式，并非不利影响，故排除A项；B项中的Imitating the lifestyles在文中并未提及，故排除；C项中的achieve perfection含义过于宽泛，不符合文意，故排除。
What have researchers found out about people's earnings?
根据题干关键词earnings定位至第三段第三句。该句明确提到，研究人员已经表明，体重指数与工资和收入息息相关。故答案选B项。A项中的 social status在文中并未提及，故排除；文中第三段提到的是体重对女性收入的影响较男性相比更明显一些，而非收入对男性不重要，故排除C项；D项在文中并未提及，故排除。
What does the author's recent study focus on?
根据题干关键词recent study定位至第五段。该段首句提到，我们最近公布的研究回答了这个问题。而第四段末句中提到的问题即为作者的研究重点，即一个人对自己身体形象的看法是否会影响他的收入和其他反映职场成功的指标呢？故答案选C项。A项在文中并未提及，故排除；B项中的Traits that matter most在文中并未提及，故排除；D项由第四段首句可知，这是已经研究过的问题，而非作者的研究重点，故排除。
What is the finding of the author's recent research?
根据题干关键词finding定位至第八段。该段提到，尽管劳动力市场上持续存在的性别劣势令人沮丧，但我们发现，劳动者对自身体重的误解并不会对他们造成伤害，这一点更令人鼓舞。故答案选B项。A项在文中并未提及，故排除；文章第七段提到了对于体重的自我认知会影响自尊心，但并未提及是否有助于消除性别不平等，故排除C项；D项为现实情况，而不是作者的研究发现，故排除。
What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?
根据题干关键词labor market定位至末段。该段提到，由于雇主对体重的看法是影响劳动力市场的重要因素，因此，修改反歧视法规，将体型作为一个类别纳入其中将会有所帮助。密歇根州是唯一一个禁止体重歧视和身高歧视的州。我们相信，扩大这类保护将使劳动力市场更加公平和高效。可知，“禁止基于员工身体形象的歧视”是作者认为有效的途径，故答案选A项。文章没有特别提到对女性的性别歧视保护，故排除B项；C项和D项在文中均未提及，故排除。