单选题 The evolution of the social sciences has reached a crucial point that might be called a phase change in which old, atomistic, and impressionistic ways of doing research are superseded by a far more systematic and united methodology. To bring social science to the level of rigor already achieved by some of the physical sciences, a new type Of facility will be needed. This will be a transdisciplinary, Internet-based collaborative endeavour that will provide social and behavioral scientists with the databases, software and hardware tools, and other resources to conduct worldwide research that integrates experimental, survey, geographic, and economic methodologies on a much larger scale than was possible previously. This facility will enable advanced research and professional education in economics, sociology, psychology, political science, social geography, and related fields.
In many branches of social science, a new emphasis on the rigor of formal laboratory experimentation has driven researchers to develop procedure and software to conduct online interaction experiment using computer terminals attached to local area networks. The opportunity to open these laboratories to the Internet will reduce the cost per research participant and increase greatly the number of institutions, researchers, students, and research participants who can take part. The scale of social science experimentation can increase by an order of magnitude or more, examining a much wider range of phenomena and ensuring great confidence in results through multiple replication of crucial studies.
Technology for administering questionnaires to very large numbers of respondents over the Internet will revolutionize survey research. Data from past questionnaire surveys can be the springboard for new surveys with vastly larger numbers of respondents at lower cost than by traditional methods. Integrated research studies can combine modules using both questionnaire and experimental methods. Results can be linked via geographic analysis to other sources of data including census information, economic statistics, and data from other experiments and surveys. Longitudinal studies will conduct time-series comparisons across data sets to chart social and economic trends. Each new study will be designed so that the data automatically and instantly become part of the archives, and scientific publications will be linked to the data sets on which they are based so that the network becomes a universal knowledge system.

单选题 A "phase change" (in the first paragraph) is one in which ______

单选题 It is implied in the first paragraph that ______

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 第一段指出，社会科学的发展已经到达了一个可以称作“阶段性变化”的关键时刻，在这个时刻，旧的、原子论的、靠主观印象的研究方式被一种更系统、更统一的研究方法所超越。为了使社会科学的研究达到某些自然科学已经达到的严密程度，我们需要一种新的设备(facility)，一个跨学科的、以互联网为基础的、资源共享的协同努力，它将向社会和行为科学家提供数据库、软硬件工具和其他资源，使他们能将实验、调查、地理学和经济学的方法以前所未有的规模结合起来，进行全球范围内的研究。可见，这里暗含的意思是：社会科学的研究在方法上落后于自然科学，应该向自然科学看齐。

单选题 Why do researchers begin to show interest in online interaction experiment?

单选题 The greatest advantage with the Internet-based collaborative endeavour may lie in ______

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 第二段提到，向互联网开放这些联合实验室(即上一段提到的collaborative endeavour)将会降低每个参加研究的人的单位研究成本，大大地增加机构、研究者、学生和参与研究的其他人的数量，提高社会科学的实验规模，使之能研究更广泛的现象，并通过多次重复一些关键的研究，使研究结果更可靠。下一段也提到了获得更多研究数据的可能性。

单选题 All of the following are defects with traditional questionnaires EXCEPT ______

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 这是最后一段未提到的。
第三段第二句指出，从过去的调查表研究得到的数据可以用作新调查的出发点，但是与传统的方法相比，新的调查涉及的被调查人将更多，成本会更低。因此A和B表达的内容与文章相符。
D：第三段第三、四句指出，综合的研究方法可以把调查表的使用和实验的方法结合起来，通过对不同地域的分析，可以把研究结果同其他数据源——如人口统计信息、经济数据以及其他实验和调查所取得的数据——结合起来分析。这里实际上暗示了传统方法所做不到的方面。