单选题 Globalization is a phenomenon that has been affecting countries and societies for several decades, but the outline of the global system has only emerged with some clarity recently. The rise of global markets and the increase in speed and volume of international transactions has brought about a degree of interdependence and co-operation in economic matters among states that has not so far been matched by a corresponding increase in respect for and protection of human rights and democracy. Indeed, many democracies are still fragile, and have not made the transition from viewing democratic practices as instrumental to having a widely shared principled commitment to the democratic and constitutional framework.
The rise of global economic networks has led to a rise in the influence of global actors such as multi-national corporations, global economic bodies such as the WTO, the World Bank, the IMF and regional economic organizations. These constitute a new form of global governance whose directives and imperatives states find increasingly difficult to ignore. The established international political organizations have not come close to replicating this effectiveness.
Predictions that the phenomenon of globalization will result in a lowering of human rights standards as the mobility of capital seeks out the markets least constrained by labor and human rights standards to maximize the highest returns need not be the case. The role of human rights organizations in this context must be to ensure that globalization drives standards up not down, and to present the case that freedom of expression and access to official information are key to sustainable human and economic development and the prevention of corruption, which in turn support the conditions necessary for sustainable economic growth.
With the demand for global trade to go hand in hand with global responsibility international financial institutions are coming under increasing pressure to regulate the global economy not simply to facilitate economic growth, but to promote compliance with human development, including international human rights norms. Multinational corporations have also been forced to recognize a degree of corporate social responsibility in the areas in which they operate and in the communities on which they have an impact. Transparency in the operations of such companies is becoming increasingly important to their gaining access to capital. They are more and more accountable to shareholders, who, in turn are increasingly diffuse and numerous. The pursuit of "shareholder value" means that there is score to ensure that the investor—citizen has a say in the way that companies conduct themselves.
The task for those promoting free expression is to harness new technologies to challenge censorship, and to harness the power and influence of new global actors to ensure that they not only take the arguments for free expression on board, but become vocal advocates for such rights.

单选题 All of the following is not true according to the first paragraph except ______.

单选题 The underlined word "which" in the third paragraph refers to ______.

单选题 Multinational corporations have not to ______.

单选题 Which of the following expressions about the global actors is not true?

单选题 What is not the purpose of writing this passage?