单选题
Attempts to understand the relationship between
social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested
that primitive humans were closer to the animals{{U}} {{U}} 1
{{/U}} {{/U}}they, too, relied'upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some
primitive humans{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}a cause and effect
relationship between doing certain things and alleviating{{U}} {{U}}
3 {{/U}} {{/U}}of a disease or{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}}
{{/U}}the condition of a wound.{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}there
was so much that primitive humans did not{{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}}
{{/U}}the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component ofthe
beliefs about the causes and cures of heath{{U}} {{U}} 7
{{/U}} {{/U}}Therefore it is not{{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}}
{{/U}}that early humans thought that illness was caused{{U}} {{U}} 9
{{/U}} {{/U}}evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals
were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to{{U}}
{{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}harmful spirit from a diseased body.
One of the. earliest{{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}in the
Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought
and{{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}of supernatural phenomena is
found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. The writing{{U}}
{{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}to him has provided a number of principles
underiying modern medical practice. One of his most famous{{U}} {{U}}
14 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of
contemporary medical ethics. Hippocrates also argued that
medical knowledge should be derived from a{{U}} {{U}} 15
{{/U}} {{/U}}of the natural science and the logic of cause and effect
relationships. In this{{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}thesis, On
Air, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being
is{{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}by the totality of
environmental{{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}: living habits or
lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and
food.{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}enough, concerns about our
health and the quality of air, water, and places are{{U}} {{U}} 20
{{/U}} {{/U}}very much written in twentieth century.