Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
If the Dakota Access Pipeline (输油管) is completed, it will carry nearly half a million barrels of oil across four states every day. Energy Transfer Partners (ETP), a Texas-based company behind the $3.8 billion project, hopes to finish construction this year. But the Standing Rock Sioux, an American Indian tribe (部 落), is determined to stop the 1,172-mile pipeline from being built. (79) Both sides show no signs of backing down.
The Dakota Access Pipeline was announced in 2014. A section of it will run near the Standing Rock Sioux reservation. A reservation is an area of land set aside for American Indians. The tribe says the construction threatens to destroy historical areas and ancient burial sites. They also say the pipeline could pollute their main water source, the Missouri River. In April, the Standing Rock Sioux began a protest against the project. They camped at the construction site. Since then, thousands of people, including people from other American Indian tribes, have traveled to the site to join the protest.
ETP says that the pipeline will have built-in safety measures to protect against oil leaks. Workers will also monitor it remotely, and will be able to close valves (阀) within three minutes if leaks are detected.
American Indians have been staging a nonviolent protest for months. The protest took a turn last week when police were called to keep the peace between protesters and armed security guards hired by the company.
(80) Twenty-eight people have been arrested since then and charged with interfering with the pipeline construction.
Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
主旨题，文章主要在叙述美国印第安部落抗议输油管的建设，选项 C，American Indians oppose the construction of an oil pipeline 符合题意。
文章大意及结构分析：
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述美国的达科他输油管道建设所引发的争议。文章第一段指 出石油管道建设所遭遇的阻碍。第二段讲述美国印第安人反对输油管建设的原因以及抗议的 一些情况，第三段介绍 ETP 公司针对输油管采取的措施，第四段介绍美国印第安人的抗议 发生转折。最后一段介绍警察针对抗议所采取的措施。
ETP hopes to finish this project in ________.
细节题，文章第一段 Energy Transfer Partners (ETP), a Texas-based company behind the $3.8 billion project, hopes to finish construction this year，结合整个题目来看，应该为 2016 年。
Why do American Indians protest against the construction of this pipeline?
细节题，文章第二段 They also say the pipeline could pollute their main water source, the Missouri River.，可知美国印第安部落的认为输油管会影响该地区的水源，故本题选 B。
According to the passage, the workers can________ in case of pipeline leaks.
细节题，文章第三段第二句 Workers will also monitor it remotely, and will be able to close valves (阀) within three minutes if leaks are detected，可知工人要关闭阀门，所以答案为 D。
According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
细节题，文章第二段最后一句指出，Since then, thousands of people, including people from other American Indian tribes, have traveled to the site to join the protest，因而还包括其他部 落的美国印第安人，因而本题选 C。
文章长难句分析：
1.Workers will also monitor it remotely, and will be able to close valves (阀) within three minutes if leaks are detected.
句子结构分析：if 引导条件状语从句。monitor it remotely 是“远程操控”的意思。
2.The protest took a turn last week when police were called to keep the peace between protesters and armed security guards hired by the company.
句子结构分析：when 引导时间状语从句，keep the peace between...意为“维持...之间的和 平”，take a turn 意为“发生转折”。
3.Twenty-eight people have been arrested since then and charged with interfering with the pipeline construction.
句子结构分析：since then 意为“从那以后、自那以后”，be charged with...意为“因...而被 起诉”，interfere with 意为“妨碍、扰乱”。
核心词汇：
1.protest: 抗议
2.back down：后退、妥协
3.nonviolent: 非暴力的
4.interfere with：妨碍、干扰
5.valve： 阀门
6.leak： 泄露
文章翻译：
如果达科他输油管完成，每天将会在四个州输送近五十万桶的石油。这个 3.8 亿项目背 后的 ETP 公司，总部设在德克萨斯，希望今年完成这一建设。但是斯坦丁洛克苏族，美国 的一个印第安部落，决定阻止这个长 1172 米的输油管的建设。双方都没有退让的迹象。
达科他输油管计划于 2014 年宣布开始。该输油管的一部分将会经过斯坦丁洛克苏族专 用地附近。专用地是为美国印第安人留出的一部分区域。部落居民认为输油管的建设将会使 历史地区和古代墓葬遗址遭受毁坏。他们还认为输油管会污染他们的主要水源，密苏里河。 四月，斯坦丁洛克苏族人开始反对这一项目。他们在建设地址附近宿营。从那以后，成千的 人，包括美国其他印第安部落的人也来到这一地区加入抗议队伍。
ETP 公司认为，为了防止石油泄漏，输油管会在安全的措施下进行建设。工人也会远程 操控，如果检测到泄露，将会在三分钟之内关掉阀门。
数月来，美国印第安人举行了数次非暴力抗议活动。上周，当呼叫警察来维护抗议者与 公司雇佣的武装安全警卫之间的和平时，抗议有了转折。
从那以后，28 个人被逮捕，并因妨碍输油管的建设被起诉。