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Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of' California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for four days. The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side. Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it, earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. 'Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them,' says Quinn. The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. 'We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't necessary,' says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research. The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. 'We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and turns out other animals are too,' says Wiles.
单选题
Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can ______.
单选题
According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】 事实细节题。根据题干中的关键词Quinn和released the social robot可定位至原文第五段。该段最后一句提到,Quinn表示,这可能会让活鼠更好地回忆起之前解救社交机器鼠的情境,并希望它在自己被困时能够回报,给予帮助,故答案为B(希望社交机器鼠也能反过来做同样的事情)。 A项(尝试练习逃离的方法)、C项(想要展示它们的机智)和D项(认为这是个有趣的游戏)文中均未提及,故排除。