单选题
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}

Prolonging Human Life

Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who failed to follow the others were left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they couldn't survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another children, in contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules that require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security cheeks that are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals (康复医院)have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.

单选题 The writer believes that the population explosion results from______.

单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查考生的逻辑推断能力。考的是在以狩猎和采集为生的时代，人们的寿命状况。第二段第四句：In times of famine，infants might be allowed to die because they couldn't survive if their parents starved，whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. 讲在灾荒年，可能会任由婴儿死亡，因为如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而父母生存下来可重新生儿育女。由此可以推断在灾荒年，可能会任由婴儿死亡。所以，正确答案是B。

单选题 According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people is ture?

单选题 In Paragraph 3, the phrase "this need" refers to______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查考生的语篇分析能力。考的是根据上下文，推出所给短语“this need”的意思。文章第三段第三句话：Today，with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person现在由于大部分的家庭成员都在工作或上学，所以常常没有人照料病弱老人。紧接着出现这个短语“To meet this need”(为了满足这种需求)，根据逻辑关系，它指的是前面的care for a sick or weak person，这正是D项表达的意思。所以，正确答案是D。

单选题 Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查考生根据文章内容推测作者态度的能力。考的是对养老院和康复医院的态度。文章最后一句：Most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid，overworked，and under skilled personnel.谈到，大多数机构只不过是倾倒垂死者的“垃圾场”，所谓的“照顾”都是由收入低、工作超量、技术水平低下的人员提供的。作者如此措辞显然是对大多数养老院和康复机构的强烈批评。所以，正确答案是D。