It is well known that teenage boys tend
to do better at math than girls, that male high school students are more
likely{{U}} (26) {{/U}}their female counterparts to tackle advanced math
courses like calculus, that{{U}} (27) {{/U}}all the great mathematicians
have been men. Are women born with{{U}} (28) {{/U}}mathematical ability?
Or does society's sexism{{U}} (29) {{/U}}their progress? In 1980, two
Johns Hopkins University researchers tried to{{U}} (30) {{/U}}the
eternal nature/nurture debate. Julian Stanley and Camilla Benbow have{{U}}
(31) {{/U}}10,000 talented seventh and eighth{{U}} (32)
{{/U}}between 1972 and 1979. Using the Scholastic Aptitude Test,{{U}}
(33) {{/U}}math questions are meant to measure ability rather than
knowledge, they discovered{{U}} (34) {{/U}}sex differences.{{U}}
(35) {{/U}}the verbal abilities of the males and females{{U}} (36)
{{/U}}differed, twice as{{U}} (37) {{/U}}boys as girls scored over
500 (on a scale of 200 to 800) on mathematical ability; at the 700 level, the
ratio was 14{{U}} (38) {{/U}}l. The conclusion: males have{{U}} (39)
{{/U}}superior mathematical reasoning ability. Benbow and Stanley's
findings,{{U}} (40) {{/U}}were published in "Science",{{U}} (41)
{{/U}}some men and women. Now there is comfort for those people in a new
study from the University of Chicago that suggests math is not, after all, a
natural male{{U}} (42) {{/U}}Prof. Zalman Usiskin studied 1,366 high
school students. They were selected from geometry classes and tested{{U}}
(43) {{/U}}their ability to solve geometry proofs, a subject
requiring{{U}} (44) {{/U}}abstract reasoning and spatial ability. The
conclusion{{U}} (45) {{/U}}by Usiskin: there are no sex differences in
math ability.