单选题 In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and "human-relation" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The workers and employees are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realties of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etC. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow- competitors creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to the 19th-century "free-enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as a means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

单选题 By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery" the author intends to render the idea that man is ______.
A. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly
B. a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible
C. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
D. working in complete harmony with the rest of the society

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 通过“a well-oiled cog in the machinery”作者打算表达这样的观念：与社会其他要素相比，人尽管进展顺利，但微不足道。根据该名词短语我们可以了解到，在这个社会中人变得无权(powerless)，成了经济木偶(economic puppets)，这说明他微不足道(unimportant)，犹如机器中一个微小的轮齿(a small cog)。但高薪、通风设备精良的工厂和管乐等条件使人这颗小轮齿运行状态良好(well-oiled)。C中的when改为though也可视为正确答案。

单选题 The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ______.
A. they are faced with the fundamental realties of human existence
B. they are deprived of their independence and productivity
C. they are likely to lose their satisfactory jobs
D. they are farther away from genuine life

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 工人和职员焦虑的真实原因是他们被剥夺了独立性和生产能力。根据第二段，工人和雇员都在焦虑，不仅仅因为他们可能会失业，他们焦虑还因为他们无法得到满足感和对生活的兴趣。作为情感和才智方面具有独立性的、有生产能力的人，他们终生无法面对人类生存的基本现实。

单选题 Those who are on the higher social ladder would feel more peaceful and secure if they could ______.
A. get higher salary and more self-respect
B. have more chance to be further promoted
C. prove better than their fellow-competitors
D. keep far away from this competitive world

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 如果上流社会的人能避开这个竞争激烈的世界，他们就会觉得更加安宁和安全。根据第三段，上流社会的人同样感到焦虑，他们的生活像下属一样空虚，在某些方面更没有保障。他们参与了竞争激烈的比赛，被提拔或得不到提拔不是薪水的问题而是自尊的问题。他们申请第一份工作时，不仅在智力方面受到考验，而且在恰当地表现顺从和独立两个方面受到考验。需要长期地证明，一个人和他的竞争伙伴一样好或更好便造成了持续的焦虑和压力，它们恰好是不幸和疾病的原因。

单选题 To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should ______.
A. offer higher wages to the workers and employees
B. resort to the production mode of our ancestors
C. enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D. take the fundamental realties for granted

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 为了解决目前的社会问题，作者建议我们让人类充分发挥其潜能。根据最后一段，为了解决目前的社会问题，我们应该把目前的工业社会转变成人道的工业社会，使人类充分发挥其潜能。

单选题 The author's attitude towards industrialism might be best summarized as one of the ______.
A. approval B. dissatisfaction C. suspicion D. tolerance

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 作者对产业主义的态度也许可以十分恰当地概括为不满。第一段末尾、第二段末尾、第三段和第四段末尾显然表达了作者对产业主义的不满。