【正确答案】正确答案：Although Chomsky"s Transformational-Generative Grammar(TG Grammar)is dominant in the American linguistic scholarship, it is still challenged by a number of rebels, such as Fillmore"s Case Grammar and Generative Semantics. Case Grammar is a type of generative approach that stresses the relationship of elements in a sentence. It is a "substantive modification" to TG Grammar. The Case Grammar takes the verb as the most important part of the sentence, marking the relationships between the verb with various noun phrases as " cases" .(2 points) Fillmore"s argument is based on the assumptions that syntax should be central in the determination of case and that covert categories are important. The various ways in which cases occur in simple sentences define sentence types and verb types of a language.(1 point) Case grammar modified transformational grammar. Chomsky"s model was unable to account for the functions of the items in the clause as well as for their categories. But Case Grammar solved this problem by analyzing the underlying syntactic structure of prepositional phrase and clause in terms of case markers and case symbols.(2 points) Generative Semantics considers that all sentences are generated from a semantic structure, which was developed as a reaction to Chomsky"s syntactic-based TG Grammar.(1 point)Linguists working within this theory hold that there is no principled distinction between syntactic processes and semantic processes. This notion was accompanied by a number of subsidiary hypotheses. First, the purely syntactic level of deep structure posited by Chomsky"s Aspects of the Theory of Syntax cannot exist. Second, the initial representations of derivations are logical representations identical from language to language. Third, all aspects of meaning are representable in phrasemarker form.(3 points)One of the advantages of Generative Semantics over TG Grammar is that it started an intensive investigation of syntactic phenomena which defied formalization by means of transformational rules.(1 point)

【答案解析】解析：考查对格语法和生成语义学的理解和概括。考生应注意二者与转换生成语法之间的关系。格语法也认为句法是核心，是对转换生成语法的修正，它把动词作为句子最重要的部分，将动词和名词短语的各种关系定义为“格”。而生成语义学则反对以句法中心，认为所有句子都是从语义结构生成的，且句法过程和语义过程之间没有原则性的区别。二者相对于转换生成语法都有各自的优势。