听力题 "Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention," says Schacter. "You''re supposed to remember something but you haven''t encoded it deeply." Encoding is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don''t pay attention to what you did because you''re involved in a conversation, you''ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. Instead, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But the cue must be clear and available. Another common episode of absent-mindedness is walking into a room and wondering why you''re there. Most likely you were thinking about something else. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room and you''ll likely remember.