First aid (急救) is the care given to the injured or sick as soon as possible after an accident or illness. It is this immediate care and attention before the arrival of the ambulance (急救车) that sometimes means the difference between life and death, or a full or partial recovery.First aid has limitations, as not everybody is a doctor or expert, but it is a key element of the total medical system. The principle to be adopted in first aid is immediate action. Bystanders (旁观者) or relatives not knowing what to do, or being too fearful to try, have unwisely contributed to unnecessary deaths and worse injuries. It is important that any action taken by the first aid provider is started as quickly as possible. Quick action is necessary to save life and parts of the body. One who is not breathing effectively, or is bleeding (流血) heavily, requires immediate help. If quick effective first aid is provided, then they have a much better chance of a good recovery. But it should be remembered that any action taken is to be most careful, and fright (恐慌) by the first aid provider and by-standers will not be good to the whole thing. Try to remain calm and think your actions through. A calm and controlled first aider will give everyone confidence that the event is being handled efficiently and effectively.

单选题 The writer seems to suggest that if you don't know much about first aid, you should ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：根据题目中的don’t know much about查找到第三段。该段第一句表明了急救的原则是immediate action(立即行动)。第二句进而说明，曾经有旁观者或病人亲属因为不知道怎么做或者由于太恐惧而不敢动手一试，从而愚蠢地导致不必要的死亡或者使病人的伤势更加恶化。因此推断，作者的观点应该是即使你不知道该如何去做，也要尽量试试，故选B项。

单选题 According to the passage, some injured or sick people died as a result of______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：题目中died一词可引导我们在第三段第二句中寻找答案。依据上题的分析可知，如果旁观者或病人家属不立即采取行动则会造成不必要的伤亡，因此可以推断出一些伤病员死亡的原因是由于其他人不敢实施急救，即A项为正确答案。

单选题 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A、 One should not apply first aid to the injured without knowing the cause of the accident.
B、 It is easy to carry out first aid if one has the necessary facilities.
C、 First aid is an important part of the whole treatment.
D、 First aid may not be effective before a doctor or expert comes.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：根据第二段可知，急救虽然有局限性，但仍是整个治疗体系的关键因素(a key element)。而且第一、三、四段都一再强调急救的重要性：它决定着病人的生死或痊愈情况。所以可以确定C项为正确答案。

单选题 The most important thing in providing first aid is to ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：根据题目中的important和providing first aid定位到第四段第一句。该句表明，急救者采取措施时最重要的是尽可能快地(as quickly as possible)开始行动。而且第三段的第一句也告诉我们“立即行动”是急救的原则。前后对照就可确定D项为正确答案。

单选题 While offering first aid, helper should______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：从中最后一段可知急救者应该保持冷静(remain calm)，全面考虑自己的行为(think your actions through)。最后一句则提到冷静和克制的急救者可以给人以信心。所以在急救过程中急救者应该有自我控制力，即A项。