1. A Reading Passage Read the following passage carefully. The emerald ash tree borer is an invasive species from Asia which is causing considerable amounts of harm to ash trees in North America. First discovered in southern Michigan in 2002, the insect has since spread north into Quebec, Canada, east toward the Atlantic coast, and south all the way to Georgia and Louisiana. Adult female emerald ash borers lay eggs on ash trees, and hatched larvae subsequently bore into the bark and feed on its soft underside. In doing so, the larvae destroy the trees' ability to transport water and nutrients, thereby eventually killing them. Several measures to stop the spread of these insects are being utilized and suggested. One is not to ship wood infested with the emerald ash borer to other regions. The larvae hide under the bark and easily go undetected. Many infested regions have laws in place banning the shipping of ash wood to areas outside where the wood was harvested, which prevents the insects from moving elsewhere. A second method involves the usage of insecticides to stop the spread of the insects. Insecticides are injected directly into individual trees by drilling small holes into them. This method is quite effective at killing the insects. An added benefit is that the insecticide in an ash tree remains lethal for up to three years. One method that has been proposed but not yet implemented is to introduce enemies of the emerald ash tree borer into North America. In Asia, the insect is not a threat since other insects hunt it. Three separate Asian insects lay their eggs on ash tree borer larvae, and their offspring consume the larvae upon hatching. By importing these insects, which are not harmful, to North America, it may be possible both to control and eradicate the emerald ash tree borer. Outlining Write an outline of the reading passage in the space provided. Main Point ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 1 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 2 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 3 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercises Read the following sentences. Then, paraphrase them. Be sure to include the key information in each sentence. 1 Many infested regions have laws in place banning the shipping of ash wood to areas outside where the wood was harvested, which prevents the insects from moving elsewhere. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 An added benefit is that the insecticide in an ash tree remains lethal for up to three years. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3 By importing these insects, which are not harmful, to North America, it may be possible both to control and eradicate the emerald ash tree borer. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
Outlining Main Point: emerald ash tree borer=invasive species causing problems by killing trees in U.S. and Canada Argument 1: stop sending infected wood to other regions= prevent larvae from moving elsewhere -are laws banning ash wood from being shipped to other places Argument 2: use insecticides→inject into trees -can kill insects for up to 3 years Argument 3: propose introducing new insects from Asia -insects consume ash tree borer larvae=can eradicate them Paraphrasing Exercises 1 There are laws in some areas banning ash wood being shipped elsewhere so that the insects cannot move to other places. 2 The insecticide in an ash tree can kill pests for up to three years. 3 It might be possible to control or kill the emerald ash tree borer by importing these harmless insects to North America.
2. B Listening Lecture Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
Note-Taking Main Point ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 1 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 2 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 3 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercises Read the following sentences. Then, paraphrase them. Be sure to include the key information in each sentence. 1 Lately, the government has been attempting to halt the spread of the insect by banning ash wood from being shipped even as firewood. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 Using insecticides would require excessive manpower and money, so it's not a practical option. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3 People say these other insects are harmless, yet we simply can't anticipate what damage a new species can do when it's introduced into an environment where it has no natural enemies. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
Note-Taking Main Point: all ways of stopping emerald ash tree borer have problems Argument 1: banning ash trees from being shipped=costs logging companies money -not effective since insect has wings and can fly Argument 2: can use insecticide in yards but can't apply in forests with many trees -requires too much manpower and money Argument 3: importing new insects from Asia=horrible idea -would be invasive species so could cause great harm Paraphrasing Exercises 1 The government is trying to stop the insect from moving elsewhere by banning the shipping of ash wood. 2 Using insecticides is impractical due to the high costs in time and money. 3 Despite claims that the insects are harmless, nobody knows what damage they can do in a place where they have no natural enemies.
[听力原文] Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. W Professor: The insect on the screen is the emerald ash tree borer. It has been in the news lately because it's spreading across the eastern part of North America and is causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to the forests there. The larvae of this insect dig into ash trees, destroy their bark, and cause the trees to die. While some measures have been implemented and others proposed, unfortunately, they're all problematic for various reasons. Lately, the government has been attempting to halt the spread of the insect by banning ash wood from being shipped, uh, even as firewood. Nowadays, ash wood harvested in a region must remain there. This method has problems though. First, it's costing logging companies large sums of money, and second, it's not really effective anyway. You see, uh, the insect has wings and can fly. So flying from place to place is one of the ways the emerald ash borer has been spreading. Halting log shipments simply won't work. Insecticides are currently being applied directly to ash trees, but doing this comes with its own set of problems. Basically, there are too many ash trees. Sure, um, you can use insecticides on the ash trees in your yard, but what about when there are tens of thousands of ash trees in a single forest...? Using insecticides would require excessive manpower and money, so it's not a practical option. Some have suggested importing new insects from Asia to control the spread of the emerald ash borer. That's a horrible idea. We don't need more invasive species in the country. Who knows what harm they could cause? Sure, people say these other insects are harmless, yet we simply can't anticipate what damage a new species can do when it's introduced into an environment where it has no natural enemies.
3. C Combining the Main Points Read the following sentences from the reading passage and listening lecture. Then, combine each pair of sentences by using the given patterns. Reading Many infested regions have laws in place banning the shipping of ash wood to areas outside where the wood was harvested, which prevents the insects from moving elsewhere. Listening You see, the insect has wings and can fly. So flying from place to place is one of the ways the emerald ash borer has been spreading. Halting log shipments simply won't work. →In mentioning that ______________________________, the professor contradicts the assertion in the reading passage that __________________________________________________________________________. 2 Reading Insecticides are injected directly into individual trees by drilling small holes into them. This method is quite effective at killing the insects. An added benefit is that the insecticide in an ash tree remains lethal for up to three years. Listening Sure, you can use insecticides on the ash trees in your yard, but what about when there are tens of thousands of ash trees in a single forest...? Using insecticides would require excessive manpower and money, so it's not a practical option. →The reading passage claims that _________________________________________________________________________________________. While the professor admits that __________________, she points out that __________________________________________________________________________ 3 Reading Three separate Asian insects lay their eggs on ash tree borer larvae, and their offspring consume the larvae upon hatching. By importing these insects, which are not harmful, to North America, it may be possible both to control and eradicate the emerald ash tree borer. Listening Who knows what harm they could cause? Sure, people say these other insects are harmless, yet we simply can't anticipate what damage a new species can do when it's introduced into an environment where it has no natural enemies. →The author of the reading passage argues ____________________________________________________________, but the professor notes that __________________________________________.
1 In mentioning that the insect can spread easily since it can fly, the professor contradicts the assertion in the reading passage that laws banning the shipping of ash wood will stop the spread of the insect. 2 The reading passage claims that insecticides injected into ash trees can kill insects for up to three years. While the professor admits that insecticides are effective, she points out that a single forest may contain an enormous number of ash trees. 3 The author of the reading passage argues that three different harmless species could be introduced to North America to kill the insect, but the professor notes that nobody knows what damage these species could cause.
4. D Completing the Essay Complete the following sample essay. Use the phrases to help you write your essay. The professor lectures about ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________. In her talk, the professor ________________________________________________. First, the professor disputes the notion that ______________________________. In mentioning that ______________________________, the professor contradicts the assertion in the reading passage ______________________________. Next, the reading passage claims that ________________________. While the professor admits that ________________________, she points out that ____________________________________. Finally, the professor ______________________________. The author of the reading passage argues that ______________________________, but the professor notes that ____________________________________.
Sample Essay The professor lectures about the emerald ash tree borer, an invasive species of insect that is killing ash trees in eastern North America. In her talk, the professor challenges all three solutions which are presented in the reading passable. First, the professor disputes the notion that laws requiring ash trees infected by the emerald ash tree borer to remain in the places they were cut down are effective. In mentioning that the insect can spread easily since it can fly, the professor contradicts the assertion in the reading passage that laws banning the shipping of ash wood will stop the spread of the insect. Next, the reading passage claims that insecticides injected into ash trees can kill insects for up to three years. While the professor admits that insecticides are effective, she points out that a single forest may contain an enormous number of ash trees. Therefore, protecting every ash tree with insecticides will require a lot of time and money, so it is not feasible. Finally, the professor strongly disagrees with the suggestion to use other invasive species to kill the emerald ash tree borer. The author of the reading passage argues that three different harmless species could be introduced to North America to kill the insect, but the professor notes that nobody knows what damage these species could cause.
问答题1.A Reading Passage Read the following passage carefully. The emerald ash tree borer is an invasive species from Asia which is causing considerable amounts of harm to ash trees in North America. First discovered in southern Michigan in 2002, the insect has since spread north into Quebec, Canada, east toward the Atlantic coast, and south all the way to Georgia and Louisiana. Adult female emerald ash borers lay eggs on ash trees, and hatched larvae subsequently bore into the bark and feed on its soft underside. In doing so, the larvae destroy the trees' ability to transport water and nutrients, thereby eventually killing them. Several measures to stop the spread of these insects are being utilized and suggested. One is not to ship wood infested with the emerald ash borer to other regions. The larvae hide under the bark and easily go undetected. Many infested regions have laws in place banning the shipping of ash wood to areas outside where the wood was harvested, which prevents the insects from moving elsewhere. A second method involves the usage of insecticides to stop the spread of the insects. Insecticides are injected directly into individual trees by drilling small holes into them. This method is quite effective at killing the insects. An added benefit is that the insecticide in an ash tree remains lethal for up to three years. One method that has been proposed but not yet implemented is to introduce enemies of the emerald ash tree borer into North America. In Asia, the insect is not a threat since other insects hunt it. Three separate Asian insects lay their eggs on ash tree borer larvae, and their offspring consume the larvae upon hatching. By importing these insects, which are not harmful, to North America, it may be possible both to control and eradicate the emerald ash tree borer. Outlining Write an outline of the reading passage in the space provided. Main Point ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 1 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 2 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 3 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercises Read the following sentences. Then, paraphrase them. Be sure to include the key information in each sentence. 1 Many infested regions have laws in place banning the shipping of ash wood to areas outside where the wood was harvested, which prevents the insects from moving elsewhere. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 An added benefit is that the insecticide in an ash tree remains lethal for up to three years. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3 By importing these insects, which are not harmful, to North America, it may be possible both to control and eradicate the emerald ash tree borer. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
【正确答案】Outlining Main Point: emerald ash tree borer=invasive species causing problems by killing trees in U.S. and Canada Argument 1: stop sending infected wood to other regions= prevent larvae from moving elsewhere -are laws banning ash wood from being shipped to other places Argument 2: use insecticides→inject into trees -can kill insects for up to 3 years Argument 3: propose introducing new insects from Asia -insects consume ash tree borer larvae=can eradicate them Paraphrasing Exercises 1 There are laws in some areas banning ash wood being shipped elsewhere so that the insects cannot move to other places. 2 The insecticide in an ash tree can kill pests for up to three years. 3 It might be possible to control or kill the emerald ash tree borer by importing these harmless insects to North America.
【答案解析】
问答题2.B Listening Lecture Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
Note-Taking Main Point ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 1 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 2 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Argument 3 ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercises Read the following sentences. Then, paraphrase them. Be sure to include the key information in each sentence. 1 Lately, the government has been attempting to halt the spread of the insect by banning ash wood from being shipped even as firewood. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2 Using insecticides would require excessive manpower and money, so it's not a practical option. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3 People say these other insects are harmless, yet we simply can't anticipate what damage a new species can do when it's introduced into an environment where it has no natural enemies. →________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
【正确答案】Note-Taking Main Point: all ways of stopping emerald ash tree borer have problems Argument 1: banning ash trees from being shipped=costs logging companies money -not effective since insect has wings and can fly Argument 2: can use insecticide in yards but can't apply in forests with many trees -requires too much manpower and money Argument 3: importing new insects from Asia=horrible idea -would be invasive species so could cause great harm Paraphrasing Exercises 1 The government is trying to stop the insect from moving elsewhere by banning the shipping of ash wood. 2 Using insecticides is impractical due to the high costs in time and money. 3 Despite claims that the insects are harmless, nobody knows what damage they can do in a place where they have no natural enemies.
【答案解析】[听力原文] Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. W Professor: The insect on the screen is the emerald ash tree borer. It has been in the news lately because it's spreading across the eastern part of North America and is causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to the forests there. The larvae of this insect dig into ash trees, destroy their bark, and cause the trees to die. While some measures have been implemented and others proposed, unfortunately, they're all problematic for various reasons. Lately, the government has been attempting to halt the spread of the insect by banning ash wood from being shipped, uh, even as firewood. Nowadays, ash wood harvested in a region must remain there. This method has problems though. First, it's costing logging companies large sums of money, and second, it's not really effective anyway. You see, uh, the insect has wings and can fly. So flying from place to place is one of the ways the emerald ash borer has been spreading. Halting log shipments simply won't work. Insecticides are currently being applied directly to ash trees, but doing this comes with its own set of problems. Basically, there are too many ash trees. Sure, um, you can use insecticides on the ash trees in your yard, but what about when there are tens of thousands of ash trees in a single forest...? Using insecticides would require excessive manpower and money, so it's not a practical option. Some have suggested importing new insects from Asia to control the spread of the emerald ash borer. That's a horrible idea. We don't need more invasive species in the country. Who knows what harm they could cause? Sure, people say these other insects are harmless, yet we simply can't anticipate what damage a new species can do when it's introduced into an environment where it has no natural enemies.
问答题3.C Combining the Main Points Read the following sentences from the reading passage and listening lecture. Then, combine each pair of sentences by using the given patterns. Reading Many infested regions have laws in place banning the shipping of ash wood to areas outside where the wood was harvested, which prevents the insects from moving elsewhere. Listening You see, the insect has wings and can fly. So flying from place to place is one of the ways the emerald ash borer has been spreading. Halting log shipments simply won't work. →In mentioning that ______________________________, the professor contradicts the assertion in the reading passage that __________________________________________________________________________. 2 Reading Insecticides are injected directly into individual trees by drilling small holes into them. This method is quite effective at killing the insects. An added benefit is that the insecticide in an ash tree remains lethal for up to three years. Listening Sure, you can use insecticides on the ash trees in your yard, but what about when there are tens of thousands of ash trees in a single forest...? Using insecticides would require excessive manpower and money, so it's not a practical option. →The reading passage claims that _________________________________________________________________________________________. While the professor admits that __________________, she points out that __________________________________________________________________________ 3 Reading Three separate Asian insects lay their eggs on ash tree borer larvae, and their offspring consume the larvae upon hatching. By importing these insects, which are not harmful, to North America, it may be possible both to control and eradicate the emerald ash tree borer. Listening Who knows what harm they could cause? Sure, people say these other insects are harmless, yet we simply can't anticipate what damage a new species can do when it's introduced into an environment where it has no natural enemies. →The author of the reading passage argues ____________________________________________________________, but the professor notes that __________________________________________.
【正确答案】1 In mentioning that the insect can spread easily since it can fly, the professor contradicts the assertion in the reading passage that laws banning the shipping of ash wood will stop the spread of the insect. 2 The reading passage claims that insecticides injected into ash trees can kill insects for up to three years. While the professor admits that insecticides are effective, she points out that a single forest may contain an enormous number of ash trees. 3 The author of the reading passage argues that three different harmless species could be introduced to North America to kill the insect, but the professor notes that nobody knows what damage these species could cause.
【答案解析】
问答题4.D Completing the Essay Complete the following sample essay. Use the phrases to help you write your essay. The professor lectures about ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________. In her talk, the professor ________________________________________________. First, the professor disputes the notion that ______________________________. In mentioning that ______________________________, the professor contradicts the assertion in the reading passage ______________________________. Next, the reading passage claims that ________________________. While the professor admits that ________________________, she points out that ____________________________________. Finally, the professor ______________________________. The author of the reading passage argues that ______________________________, but the professor notes that ____________________________________.
【正确答案】Sample Essay The professor lectures about the emerald ash tree borer, an invasive species of insect that is killing ash trees in eastern North America. In her talk, the professor challenges all three solutions which are presented in the reading passable. First, the professor disputes the notion that laws requiring ash trees infected by the emerald ash tree borer to remain in the places they were cut down are effective. In mentioning that the insect can spread easily since it can fly, the professor contradicts the assertion in the reading passage that laws banning the shipping of ash wood will stop the spread of the insect. Next, the reading passage claims that insecticides injected into ash trees can kill insects for up to three years. While the professor admits that insecticides are effective, she points out that a single forest may contain an enormous number of ash trees. Therefore, protecting every ash tree with insecticides will require a lot of time and money, so it is not feasible. Finally, the professor strongly disagrees with the suggestion to use other invasive species to kill the emerald ash tree borer. The author of the reading passage argues that three different harmless species could be introduced to North America to kill the insect, but the professor notes that nobody knows what damage these species could cause.