【正确答案】正确答案：American literary naturalism is a literary movement that became popular in late-nineteenth-century America and is often associated with literary realism. Viewed as a combination of realism and romanticism, critics contend that the American form is heavily influenced by the concept of determinism—the theory that heredity and environment influence determine human behavior. Although naturalism is often associated with realism, which also seeks to accurately represent human existence, the two movements are differentiated by the fact that naturalism is connected to the doctrine of biological, economic, and social determinism. A handful of significant American authors, such as Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, and Frank Norris, utilized the form in making their novels like The Red Badge of Courage, Sister Carrie and The Octopus: A Story of California.