Play is the
principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the
great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest
infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the
main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and
assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play
with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to
choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the
standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited
abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a
baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be
underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown
things and played with, has the best chance of growing up
successfully. In the next stage, from three to five years old,
curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available
to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his
own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws (七巧板) and construction toys;
painting, scribbling (涂鸦) and making things; sand and water play; toys for
imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and
get on with others. But the third stage of play
development—from five to seven or eight years—the child is at school. But for a
few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. It
is easier to see which type of toys the chills most enjoys.
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child.
But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source
of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new
hobbies, but their significance has changed—to a child of nice or ten years,
toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.
单选题
The passage tells us that as a child grows up, ______.
A. he should be allowed to choose his own toys
B. he should be given identical toys
C. he should be given different toys
D. he should be given fewer and fewer toys
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。利用题干关键词无法定位到相关信息，就可以改为定位选项关键词，选项C利用关键词different可以定位到第一段“Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development”，即“在孩子发展的不同阶段选择适合的玩具是非常重要的。”据此可知答案为C。
单选题
According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his
parents ______.
A. determine his character
B. will not change after the age of three
C. partly determine the standard he is likely to reach
D. to a large extent determine the choice of toys
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。利用题干关键词ability和inherit可以定位到第二段“In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life”，即“近来有关婴儿发展的研究表明，在所继承的能力范围内，孩子可能达到的标准主要是在其生命中的前三年决定的”，由此可知正确答案为C。
单选题
Who have the best chance of growing up successfully?
A. Those who tend to overeat.
B. Those who are given a lot of toys.
C. Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.
D. Those who can share their toys with their playmates.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。利用题干关键词chance和grow up successfully可以定位到第二段“A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully”，即“一个受到鼓励和激励并有人和他聊天和玩耍的孩子有着成功长大的最佳机会”，由此，答案为C。
单选题
We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity ______.
A. when he is two
B. when he is around four
C. when he is six
D. when he is eight
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。利用题干关键词boundless curiosity等可以定位到第三段“In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds”，意为“在下个阶段，从三岁到五岁，好奇心是无穷的”，所以正确答案为B。
单选题
The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the importance of pre-school education
B. the importance of schooling
C. the role of play in a child's development
D. the choice of toys for adolescents
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 主旨题。从每段的首尾句来看，主要谈论不同阶段孩子应该如何玩耍，特别是第一段的首句“Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being”，即“玩耍是儿童时期最重要的事情，近来的研究已经表明玩耍在人成长过程中的重要作用”，而且短文的题目就是play，由此正确答案为C。