阅读理解 Smoking Is Smoking a Major Cause of Lung Cancer in Women? Many people think that lung cancer affects mostly men. But even though we hear more about breast cancer, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. And nearly all lung cancer deaths in women are due to smoking. Quitting smoking now is one important change you can make to improve your lung and overall health and live longer. Former smokers have a lower risk for lung cancer than do current smokers. In one to nine months after quitting smoking, your lungs will function better. And after 10 years, your risk of lung cancer is nearly the same as someone who never smoked. Should Women Who Smoke Be Concerned about Heart Disease? Yes. More women die each year from heart disease than from any other illness. Smoking is the major cause of heart disease in women, especially those younger than age 50. Women who use birth control pills have a much higher risk of heart disease if they smoke. But after just one year of quitting smoking, you reduce your risk of heart disease by half. Why Do Women and Girls Smoke? Women and girls smoke for different reasons. Some women smoke to deal with stress or control weight. Younger women and girls may start smoking as a way of rebelling, being independent, or fitting in with their peers. Tobacco companies use research on how women and girls feel about themselves to influence women and girls to smoke. But there is never a good reason to smoke, and it''s best to never start. There are, though, many good reasons to quit smoking. When you quit, your health and quality of life will improve. You also will help safeguard the health of those you live with by not exposing them to second-hand smoke (the smoke released from a lit cigarette or cigar). Why Should I Quit Smoking? When you quit: --Your chances of getting sick from smoking will be less. --You will have more energy and breathe more easily. --If you are pregnant, your baby will get more oxygen and be healthier. --Your children and other people in your home will be healthier. Second-hand smoke can cause asthma (哮喘) and other health problems. --You will have more money to spend on other things. What Are the Dangers of Second-hand Smoke? Second-hand smoke happens when non-smokers inhale other people''s tobacco smoke. It includes: --Sidestream smoke — smoke mat comes directly from a burning cigarette, pipe, or cigar. --Mainstream smoke — smoke that is exhaled by the smoker. When a cigarette is smoked, about half of the smoke is sidestream smoke. Sidestream smoke contains most of the same chemicals found in the mainstream smoke inhaled by the smoker. People who don''t smoke, but are exposed to second-hand smoke, absorb nicotine and other chemicals just as someone who smokes does. Studies have shown that second-hand smoke can cause lung cancer in healthy adults who do not smoke. Children of parents who smoke are more likely to suffer from pneumonia (肺炎), bronchitis (支气管炎), ear infections, asthma, and SIDS (the sudden death of a baby under age one which cannot be explained) . Mothers who smoke and breastfeed may pass harmful chemicals from nicotine to their baby through breast milk. What Have Other Women Done to Quit Smoking? Almost half of women who smoke have tried to quit during the past year. Many women have to try two or three times before they are able to quit for good. It''s hard work, but don''t give up! Millions of women have been able to quit, and you can too! Follow these steps to help you to quit for good: --Learn how much you depend on nicotine (尼古丁) . Knowing how addicted you are to nicotine can help you decide what kind of help you need. Take the Nicotine Addiction Test. --Get ready to quit by picking a date to stop smoking. Quitting all at once works better than trying to quit a little at a time. --Write down why you want to quit. Keep this list as a handy reminder. --Tell loved ones, friends, and coworkers your quit date. Ask them for their support. Ask them not to smoke around you or leave cigarettes out around you. --Create a fund. Each time you would normally buy a pack of cigarettes, put that saved money in a special place. If you used to smoke one pack per day, after one month, you''ve saved about $150. Set a goal and reward yourself once you reach that goal. --Plan for challenges. Think ahead for how you will deal with situations or triggers that will make you want to smoke. --(Jet medicine and use it correctly. There are many medicines that can help you quit and reduce your urge to smoke. You and your health care provider can decide what medicine will work best for you. Always first talk with your health care provider before trying any medicines, especially when you are pregnant or if you have heart problems. --Be prepared for relapse (复发) . Most people start smoking again within the first three months after quitting. Don''t give up if this happens to you. Many women try to quit several times before quitting for good. Learn from what helped you and what didn''t the last time you tried to quit to increase your chances of success next time. It may help you to keep a craving journal to record when and why you smoke. --Get more help if you need it. Join a quit-smoking program or support group to help you quit. Contact your local hospital, health center, or health department for quit-smoking programs in your area. Your state may also provide toll-free quit line phone numbers. Can Medicines Really Help Me Quit? There are many medicines that can help you quit smoking. So you don''t have to do it alone. At first, you may feel depressed, have trouble sleeping, or just not feel like yourself. This means that your body is going through withdrawal, or getting used to not having nicotine. These symptoms only last a few weeks and medicines can help give you some relief. Most help you quit by giving you small, steady doses of nicotine. Using them can double your chances of quitting for good. Talk with your health care provider about which of these medicines is right for you. Nicotine replacement therapy includes nicotine patches, gum, nasal spray, and inhalers. They help lessen your urge to smoke by taking the place of nicotine from cigarettes. In general, when you quit smoking, use the nicotine as a "substitute" for one to two months, then gradually cut down the nicotine until you stop that, too. You can buy patches and gum on your own at a drug store. You need a prescription for the inhaler and nasal spray. Not everyone can use these medicines. If you are pregnant or have heart problems, be sure to talk with your health care provider before using any of them.

单选题 The passage mainly tells us why and how women should quit smoking.

单选题 Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women.

单选题 Smoking is the major cause of heart disease in those women younger than age 50.

单选题 Some women and girls start smoking because they want to make themselves more fashionable and beautiful.

单选题 When a cigarette is smoked, about one third of the smoke is sidestream smoke.

单选题 Trying to quit a little at a time works better than quitting all at once.

单选题 One fourth of people could give up smoking at once after quitting.

填空题 Quitting smoking now is one important change you can make to improve your lung and 1and live longer.

填空题 Studies have shown that 1can cause lung cancer in healthy adults who do not smoke.

填空题 If 1, she should talk with her health care provider before using any of the medicines.