单选题 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (51) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (52) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (53) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (54) as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (55) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (56) to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (57) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (58) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also (59) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home (60) was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.

单选题 A. acting B. relying C. centering D. commenting

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] A．acting on：对……起作用，按……行动，作用于。B．relying on(upon)：依靠、依赖[例]He can be relied on to keep secret．相信他能保密。C．centering on：集中，围绕。D．commenting on：对……进行评论[例]Everyone commented on her new hat．大家都在评论她的新帽子；He commented on the bad road．他评论这条糟糕的路。本题应该选择C，centering on相当于focusing on，在句中作定语修饰“theories”。

单选题 A. before B. unless C. until D. because

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] A．before：“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句。B．unless：“除非”，引导条件状语从句，[例]My baby sister never cries unless she is hungry．我刚出生的妹妹除非饿了，她是从来不哭的。C．until是“直到……”，引导时间状语从句，[例]We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned．没有有关当局的批准我们不能开始这项工作。D．because：conj/adv．因为，在本题中为正确答案，引导原因状语从句，解释前面“engage”的原因。

单选题 A. interaction B. assimilation C. cooperation D. consultation

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] A．interaction：相互作用，相互影响。affective interaction情感作用(或影响)；atmospheric interaction大气相互作用。B．assimilation：吸收；同化。The act or process of assimilating．同化吸收的行为或过程。C．cooperation：合作[例]Your cooperation means much/a great deal to us．你们的协作对我们帮助极大/有很大的意义。D．consultation：请教，咨询[例]The doctors held a consultation to decide whether an operation was necessary．医生们会诊以决定是否需要动手术。本句中讲的是青少年之间的相互影响作用，所以应该选择A。

单选题 A. or B. but rather C. but D. or else

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] A．or：表示选择，是并列连词。B．but rather：而是，表示转折关系。C．but是“但是”，表示转折；D．or else：不然，否则。本句话的完整意思为“青少年参与犯罪活动是因为他们在以前的罪行中没有受到足够严重的惩罚，或者他们通过与其他人的交往而学会了犯罪行为。”所以应该选择并列关系的“or”。

单选题 A. on B. in C. for D. with

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 空白处前面的含义是“青少年犯罪”，而后面的含义是“缺乏父母的管教”，构成因果关系。所以正确答案为C。for lack：因为缺少……。其实本题的答案线索在第1段第1句中的“causes(原因)”一词，由因果联系很快就知道了C为正确答案。

单选题 A. immune B. resistant C. sensitive D. subject

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] A．immune：免疫的，[搭配]be immune from punishment免除处罚；immune from taxation[taxes]免税。B．resistant：adj．抵抗的，有阻力的。C．sensitive:敏感的。D．subject：n．题目，主题；adj．受他国统治的，未独立的，受制于……的，受……影响的，以……为条件的；vt．使屈从于……，使隶属[搭配]subjects。B．[sth．]to使服从于……，使某人[物]隶属于……，使某人[物]听从于……，使受到……，使经历；subject to在……条件下；常遭……；易受……的侵袭；受控制；服从……的指挥。本题中，由于所有的理论都是“尝试性的(tentative)”，故所有的理论都会“遭受批评和质疑”(subject to criticism)，D为正确答案。

单选题 A. affect B. reduce C. check D. reflect

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] A．affect：影响。B．reduce：减少，降低。C．check：限制，阻止。D．reflect：反映。本题中空白处前的“社会结构变化”与空白处后的“青少年犯罪率”也构成因果关系，所以A选项为正确答案。

单选题 A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at length

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] A．in general：一般来说，大体上。B．on average：平均。C．by contrast：作为对照，对比。D．at length：最后，最终。本题中“上升的失业率”与“通常使好工作日益难寻”在逻辑上形成“语气”上的呼应关系。其余3个词均不符合上下文的逻辑关系。

单选题 A. survived B. noticed C. undertaken D. experienced

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] A．survived：幸存。B．noticed：注意到。C．undertaken：承受，接受。D．experienced：经受，经历。本段第2句中“更多的家庭是单亲家庭”表明了传统的家庭模式已经发生了变化，所以空白处前面的“家庭”与空白处后面的“变化”之间应该用足以体现“经历”家庭变化的动词，才能完成整个句子的逻辑上的需要。