单选题 Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners. "With virtual reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S.. The surgeons would look at the soldiers through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier. Although Satava's vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to the robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3D image. She can then maneuver the 3D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient's brain taken before surgery. During these procedures—operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered—surgeons are wearing 3D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissues more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine."

单选题 According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：推断题。题目问的是理查德．萨塔瓦认为虚拟现实技术应用在医学会如何。第二段中理查德．萨塔瓦指出有了虚拟现实的技术就像在每个战壕安排了一位医生，因此C“可以改善战场的医疗条件”，与原文相符。选项A“医生可以亲临每个战壕”过于细节化，是对原文某些句子和单词的拼凑，有一定的迷惑性，故排除；选项B“可鼓舞受伤士兵的士气”以及选项D“可缩短受伤士兵的手术时间”在文中也未提及。故选C。

单选题 Richard Satava has visions of______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：细节题。题目问的是理查德．萨塔瓦的愿望是什么。首先我们定位到原文，第三段中详述了他的愿景，电脑输送受伤画面，医生做出判断后由电脑操作手术。因此选项A“用遥控技术进行手术”正好是那句话的同义替换，所以为正确答案；选项B“受伤的战士由戴着虚拟现实头盔的医生进行治疗”；选项C“受伤战士由经过特殊训练的医生进行手术”及选项D“在海外设置移动医学站”，均与原文不符。故选A。

单选题 How is virtual reality surgery performed?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：细节题。题目问的是虚拟现实手术是如何进行的。第四段中介绍了虚拟现实手术的过程，医生通过移动连接上电脑的设备，用电脑信号将他们的动作传给机器人并由机器人进行手术操作。将选项与原文对照，选项C“医生通过电脑移动机器人设备”与原文相符。选项A“由电脑设计的高精确的设备完成”；选项B“医生戴上虚拟现实头盔来接收电脑的反馈”以及选项D“3D图像记录医生手术过程”都与原文不符。故选C。

单选题 During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】解析：细节题。题目问的是虚拟现实手术中医生可以更清楚地看体内手术切口的原因。做题的关键是定位原文中题目出处，找到倒数第二段中原文“surgeons are wearing 3D glasses for a better view”便可匹配选项D“他戴着3D眼镜”；选项A“在电脑上看切口”；选项B“切口可以从不同角度进行检测”及选项C“切口被高度放大”直接排除。故选D。