问答题
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, tor whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right, it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says. Over one century, the life situation in the past had been changed rapidly. And now, we live in the world which is full of noise, violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modem stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them. We must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
【正确答案】
【答案解析】当一种新的艺术倾向形成某种时尚时,可取的态度是弄清楚其倡导者们的目的所在,因为,无论其主张在今天看来是多么的牵强附会、毫无道理,将来有可能被视为正常。然而,就未来派诗歌而言,那就很难说了。因为,无论未来派诗歌是什么,即使承认其理论根据可能正确,也很难被称之为文学。
简单地说,未来派诗人声称:一个世纪以来,过去的生活状况一直在急剧变化。现在,我们生活在一个充斥着噪声、暴力和快节奏的世界中。因此,我们的感情、思想和情绪都经历了相应的变化。未来派们声称,这种生活节奏的加速需要新的表现形式。如果我们想诠释现代生活的压力,就必须加快文学发展的步伐。我们必须大量使用基本词语,摆脱句号、修饰性形容词及限定性动词的束缚。我们不应描绘声音,我们必须创造模仿声音的词语,必须在同一张纸上使用不同类型和不同颜色的墨水来任意缩短和加长词语。
当然,他们对战斗的描写让人难以理解。但是,当读到一句描写战斗的诗行的注释时,则会令人有点儿生厌。注释中说该诗描写了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在一座桥上所发生的搏斗,后来两人掉入河中。结果,诗把两人落水的声音及两人的体重写在了一起:“扑!扑!一百八十五公斤”。
这尽管符合未来派诗歌的规则和要求,但很难称之为文学。实际上没有一个有思想的人会拒绝接受他们的第一个观点:情感生活的巨大变化要求表达方式也跟着变化。而实际问题是:我们真的从根本上发生了变化吗?