问答题
Directions:
You will now read a short passage and listen to a lecture on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, give yourself 30 seconds to prepare your response. Then record yourself speaking for 60 seconds.
How an object affects our senses depends in part on external conditions, and these conditions are always changing. An object viewed from one angle presents a different shape to our eye than when viewed from another angle; similarly, as the distance from which we view an object changes, the object will appear larger or smaller. In spite of this, even as conditions change and we see objects differently, we still recognize that they remain the same. This is what is known as perceptual constancy. If not for perceptual constancy, we might have difficulty recognizing familiar objects if we viewed them in a new and different context.
Perceptual Constancy
How an object affects our senses depends in part on external conditions, and these conditions are always changing. An object viewed from one angle presents a different shape to our eye than when viewed from another angle; similarly, as the distance from which we view an object changes, the object will appear larger or smaller. In spite of this, even as conditions change and we see objects differently, we still recognize that they remain the same. This is what is known as perceptual constancy. If not for perceptual constancy, we might have difficulty recognizing familiar objects if we viewed them in a new and different context.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】Prompt
Explain what is meant by perceptual constancy, using the examples provided by the professor.
Important Points
This task asks you to explain how the examples given by the professor in the lecture illustrate the concept of perceptual constancy from the reading. There are different ways you can organize your response. You might begin by explaining that perceptual constancy is the idea that even though objects appear different depending on external conditions, we are able to recognize that they are the same objects. Or you might choose to begin with the examples and conclude with a summary of the theory of perceptual constancy . Either approach is acceptable, but you should be sure to include both examples in your response (a plate may look round or oval depending on the angle from which we look at it, but we still recognize it as a plate; and the professor may appear smaller when viewed from the back of the room [instead of the front], but we still understand that the professor is the same person, and that he has not gotten smaller).
High-level Response: Listen to
Rater Comments
This speaker"s pronunciation is very clear, and her response is well-organized and easy for the listener to follow. She explains the examples from the lecture first, and defines the concept later. This is a different but effective approach to answering the prompt. Her word choice and expression is not always perfect. For example, when defining the concept of perceptual constancy she says, " we know by distance and angle...it doesn"t look the same ." This is a somewhat vague statement. She could have used a clearer and more complex sentence like, "Even though an object looks different when viewed from a different angle or distance, we know it is the same object." Nevertheless, her delivery is fluid, and she is able to construct long, clear phrases in the explanation of the examples " ...a professor in a front row, he looks bigger than you see the professor in the back row, but...without even thinking, you know that it"s the same professor, and the same guy who"s lecturing ."
Mid-level Response: Listen to
Rater Comments
This speaker covers most of the information required of the task, but his response is not as clear or efficient as that of the high-level speaker. His word choice is imprecise and at times causes difficulty for the listener. For instance, he says, " ...perceptual constancy means you may remain same ideas when looking at something from different aspects ." The phrase "You may remain same ideas" is not grammatically correct and the use of the term "ideas" is rather vague in meaning. The speaker could have more accurately expressed the idea as "continue to recognize an object." Also, he uses the word " aspect " instead of " angle " or "perspective," which is confusing for the listener. The speaker"s pronunciation is relatively clear, but he repeats words and phrases often, which is at times distracting and requires some effort from the listener to follow his response. Overall, there is some evidence that he understood the reading and lecture, but limitations in grammar and vocabulary prevent him from expressing some of the ideas clearly. [听力原文]
Narrator
Now read the passage from a psychology textbook. You have 50 seconds to read the passage.
Explain what is meant by perceptual constancy, using the examples provided by the professor.
Important Points
This task asks you to explain how the examples given by the professor in the lecture illustrate the concept of perceptual constancy from the reading. There are different ways you can organize your response. You might begin by explaining that perceptual constancy is the idea that even though objects appear different depending on external conditions, we are able to recognize that they are the same objects. Or you might choose to begin with the examples and conclude with a summary of the theory of perceptual constancy . Either approach is acceptable, but you should be sure to include both examples in your response (a plate may look round or oval depending on the angle from which we look at it, but we still recognize it as a plate; and the professor may appear smaller when viewed from the back of the room [instead of the front], but we still understand that the professor is the same person, and that he has not gotten smaller).
High-level Response: Listen to
Rater Comments
This speaker"s pronunciation is very clear, and her response is well-organized and easy for the listener to follow. She explains the examples from the lecture first, and defines the concept later. This is a different but effective approach to answering the prompt. Her word choice and expression is not always perfect. For example, when defining the concept of perceptual constancy she says, " we know by distance and angle...it doesn"t look the same ." This is a somewhat vague statement. She could have used a clearer and more complex sentence like, "Even though an object looks different when viewed from a different angle or distance, we know it is the same object." Nevertheless, her delivery is fluid, and she is able to construct long, clear phrases in the explanation of the examples " ...a professor in a front row, he looks bigger than you see the professor in the back row, but...without even thinking, you know that it"s the same professor, and the same guy who"s lecturing ."
Mid-level Response: Listen to
Rater Comments
This speaker covers most of the information required of the task, but his response is not as clear or efficient as that of the high-level speaker. His word choice is imprecise and at times causes difficulty for the listener. For instance, he says, " ...perceptual constancy means you may remain same ideas when looking at something from different aspects ." The phrase "You may remain same ideas" is not grammatically correct and the use of the term "ideas" is rather vague in meaning. The speaker could have more accurately expressed the idea as "continue to recognize an object." Also, he uses the word " aspect " instead of " angle " or "perspective," which is confusing for the listener. The speaker"s pronunciation is relatively clear, but he repeats words and phrases often, which is at times distracting and requires some effort from the listener to follow his response. Overall, there is some evidence that he understood the reading and lecture, but limitations in grammar and vocabulary prevent him from expressing some of the ideas clearly. [听力原文]
Narrator
Now read the passage from a psychology textbook. You have 50 seconds to read the passage.