完形填空
The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11%every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. 41 .Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity. 42 . This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction. Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords 'environmental change' or'climate change' have increased rapidly since 2004. 43 . When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful. The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. 44 .This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate. The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. 45 . That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems. A. It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs. B. However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords. C. The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies. D. The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones. E. These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy. F. Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development. G. During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
问答题
【正确答案】E
【答案解析】本题考查的是上下文句群间的逻辑关系和意义的关联顺承。上文讲到，社会科学正在繁荣发展，然而，这巨大的人力资源却没有对如今全球所面临的挑战作出足够的贡献。这暗示下文至少应提到关于全球问题的信息或应对这一局面的方法。选项A涉及关于社会科学家的两种分类，选项B则是说论文的数量，这两项明显与此处话题不符，可先排除。选项C以The idea开头，而此前的内容并没有提到某一观点或想法，因此也可排除。选项D具有较强的迷惑性，它既提到了全球面临的挑战，说明的也是解决方法，但是这些解决方法的核心是要改变社会科学家的思维定势等等，而且其论述的内容比较偏向于总结，在文章的前半部分出现似乎为时过早，同上文所介绍的客观问题也不匹配，故不符合题意。选项E开头的These issues正好是对上文中的climate change, security, sustainable development and health的总结，此外，本段的最后一句话提到了Here, too, the problems are social，与选项E中的These issues all have root causes inhuman behavior正好是顺承关系，因此选项E为正确答案。选项F和选项G都涉及研究基金，但本题空格后所谈论的话题并没有转换到研究基金上，因此这两项都不能入选。
问答题
【正确答案】F
【答案解析】本题考查的是上下文句群间的逻辑关系和意义的关联顺承。空格位于第三段开头处，上文第二段讲到了全球所面临的问题较难解决的原因，下文则说这很令人惋惜——这一群体应该抓住这种机会来提高自身在真实世界中的影响力。可见，空格处谈论的应该是社会科学家有何反应，并且应提及某种属于opportunity的事件。在所有选项中，选项F开头处的Despite these factors与上段结尾处的内容形成了意义上的关联，且such problems恰好指代上文中出现的种种全球问题。该项的第二句提到社会科学的研究基金可能被取消，与后文中的radical innovation也是呼应的，因此选项F为本题的正确答案。
问答题
【正确答案】B
【答案解析】本题考查的是上下文的逻辑关系和关键词汇的复现。空格之前的内容说的是：分析结果显示，包含“环境变化”或者“气候变化”之类关键词的论文数量自2004年起已经大大地增加了。选项A中的publishing in highly specialized journals是和论文相关的，但其关注的是论文发表的方式，而不是论文的数量，故不符合文意；在余下几个选项中，只有选项B的内容是与论文数量相关的，而且其中还出现了keywords，与上文中的Keywords属于关键词汇复现。此外，however一词也表明了选项B与上文内容的转折关系，之前说论文数量已在增多，本段指出论文的总体数量仍很少，衔接流畅。因此选项B为本题的正确答案。
【答案解析】本题考查的是上下文的逻辑性和意义的连贯性。上文提到：“地平线2020计划”将不再专门为社会科学设立基金，这激起了社会科学家们的抗议，但这一做法的目的并不是要忽略社会科学，恰恰相反，是在重视它。下文提到：这将创造更多的合作研究的机会，帮助发展那些直接致力于解决全球问题的研究项目(That should create...)。在所有选项中，只有选项C提到了社会科学家的工作要与其他领域的工作相结合，且该项中的integrate their work with恰好与后文中的collaborative endeavors相对应，故为正确答案。