Workers with skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM)are among the most in demand and highest paid. They are seen as key drivers of problem-solving and economic growth, who will help shape the future. And most of them are men. Nadya Fouad, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and her colleagues surveyed more than 5,000 women who had graduated from some of the top universities with engineering degrees over the past six decades. They found that 40 percent had either quit the field or never entered the profession in the first place. For more than two decades, women have accounted for about 20 percent of all engineering degrees. Yet fewer than 11 percent of all engineers are women. For the most part, Fouad found that what really pushed women out were uncivil workplace climates, the expectation to put in long hours of face time in the office, and the feeling that there was little opportunity to advance. Of the women who left the field less than five years ago, two-thirds pursued better opportunities in other fields—72 percent became either managers or executives. One-third said they stayed home with children because their companies didn't settle work-life conflicts. It is not about making the women more confident or anything. It's really about the climate in the workplace, Fouad said. Even women who are staying consider leaving because they don't have superior support. They don't have training and development opportunities. And their colleagues are not civil to them, look down upon them, or talk behind their backs. The findings add weight and context to previous looks at why more women don't go into or don't stay in STEM fields. The previous studies tend to explain that women aren't "naturally" smart enough, and that these are careers for men. Furthermore, Fouad makes recommendations to create a good work environment. The problem should be recognized that women aren't leaving just because they want to spend time with their children. They're leaving because of the difficult workplace climate and lack of opportunity to advance. The company, starting from the managers, is supposed to invest in professional training which is beneficial to the women's development and advance.
单选题 It is commonly believed that STEM workers______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析：推理判断题。本题考查对于科学、技术、工程和数学领域的工作人员的普遍观点。原文第一段第二句提到，他们被视为发展经济的主力军。由此可知，他们有助于促进经济发展，故答案为B)。A)“与他们的技能相比，他们的薪水少了些”与第一段第一句不符，原文提到，他们的收入是最高的，故排除；C)“他们超过了需求”是对第一段第一句的曲解。原文中的the most in demand意为“最需要的”，也就是说，社会还需要更多这些领域的工作人员，而非已超过了需求，故排除；D)“他们解决驾驶问题”是对第一段第二句的曲解。原文中的drivers不是“司机，驾驶员”的字面意思，而是比喻义，指他们是解决问题的“主力军”，故排除。
单选题 The survey of more than 5,000 women with engineering degrees implies that______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析：推理判断题。本题考查对5 000多位具有工程学位女性的调查暗示的信息。原文第二段第二句提到，40％的女性要么退出了这个行业，要么最初就未进入这个行业。由此可推测，女性想在工程领域待下去是困难的，故答案为D)。A)“男性轻易就能解决工程问题”和C)“男性上大学时倾向于主修工程学”，原文均未提及，故排除；B)“女性很难从顶尖高校毕业”，原文虽然提及这5 000多位女性毕业于顶尖高校，但并未提及女性是否很难从这些学校毕业，故排除。
单选题 What is the finding of Nadya Fouad?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：事实细节题。本题考查纳迪亚·福阿德的研究结果。定位句提到，福阿德发现，大多数情况下，真正迫使女性退出这个行业的原因是不文明的工作氛围……。由此可知，在科学、技术、工程和数学领域，女性的工作氛围是糟糕的，故答案为C)。A)“在科学、技术、工程和数学领域，女性缺少自信”与第四段第一句不符。原文提到，这不是关于让女性更加自信或者别的什么问题，故排除；B)“女性仅仅是为了家庭而牺牲了她们在科学、技术、工程和数学领域的工作”，尽管第三段末句提到，三分之一的女性表示，她们在家带孩子是因为她们的公司未能解决工作与生活的冲突，但女性离开这些领域的原因众多，B)中的just过于绝对，故排除；D)“女性敢于挑战科学、技术、工程和数学领域不礼貌的同事”与第四段的信息不符。原文提到，她们的同事对她们不友好，这也是她们考虑离开这类工作的原因之一。由此可知，她们并不是勇于挑战，而是考虑退出，故排除。
单选题 The previous studies explain that there are few women in STEM fields because______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：事实细节题。本题考查先前的研究对于很少有女性从事科学、技术、工程或数学这些领域工作的解释。定位句提到，先前的研究倾向于认为，女性“天生”不够聪明……。C)选项是对此句的同义转述，故答案为C)。A)“女性不愿意和男性竞争”和D)“女性不喜欢这些领域”，原文均未提及，故排除；B)“女性在其他领域能够得到更好的晋升”，是纳迪亚·福阿德的研究结果，而不是先前的研究结果，故排除。
单选题 Nadya Fouad suggests in the last paragraph that______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析：事实细节题。本题考查纳迪亚·福阿德的建议。原文最后一段第三句和末句提到，她们离开是因为……缺乏晋升机会……公司应该投资有益于女性发展和晋升的专业培训。由此可知，福阿德建议公司应该提供给女性晋升的机会，故答案为D)。A)“经理应该对不文明的工作氛围负全部责任”，文章并未提及，故排除；B)“公司应该使女性更加自信、更加明智”，不是纳迪亚·福阿德的观点，故排除；C)“公司应该帮助女性解决家庭问题”，是对原文第三段末句的过度解读，并非纳迪亚·福阿德的建议，故排除。