问答题 假设本国和外国都有两种生产要素:土地和劳动,但只生产一种产品,两国的土地供给及生产技术完全一样,各国的边际劳动产出取决于其就业水平,具体下表所示。
   
雇佣工人数
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
最后一个工人的边际产出
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

   起初,本国雇佣了11个工人,而外国只有3个工人。试说明劳动力从本国向外国自由流动对两国就业、生产、实际工资和土地所有者收入的影响。
   In Home and Foreign there are two factors of production,land and labor,used to produce only one good.The land supply in each country and the technology of production are exactly the same.The marginal product of labor in each country depends on employment as follows:
   
Number of Workers Employed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Marginal Product of Last Worker
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

   Initially,there are 11 workers employed in Home,but only 3 workers in Foreign.
   Find the effect 0f free movement of labor from Home to Foreign on employment,production,real wages,and the income of landowners in each country.
【正确答案】如表所示,当本国雇佣11个工人,外国有3个工人的时候,本国的边际劳动产出是10,外国的边际产出是18。外国的工资比本国高,所以工人会移民去外国工作,直到本国和外国的边际劳动产出相等。这时,每个国家有7个劳动力,各国的边际劳动产出为14。
【答案解析】