单选题
Text 1

Ideas about "spoiling" children have always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling; They have always included concepts of a child's nature and concept of the ideal child and the ideal adult.
The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early "maternal associations" struggled to uphold the ideas about child raising that had been prevalent in the 18th century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the temptations of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.
At first, the only approach these mothers knew was to "break the will" of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote, "No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute of an evil disposition however sweet it appears". Infant depravity, by which was meant the child's impulses, could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child submitted implicitly to parental guidance.
In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the father's order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say "Dear Mama", and had been left alone in a room where she screamed wildly for ten minutes. After the ten minutes, the child was commanded again, and again she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again. This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonly reported that after one such trial of "will", the child became permanently submissive.
In passing, we can note that knowledge about a child's "No" period might have moderated the disciplining of little children and the application of the adage "spare the rod and spoil the child" .
By fleeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness, and society. These moral principles, fixed in the child's character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.

单选题 The purpose of this article is to______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题推断依据是对全篇文章的正确理解。作者在陈述他们的观点和做法时，只是客观陈述，并没有对此加以评论，发表自己的看法，从整篇文章的笔调来判断，文章的意图是向我们提供信息。
单选题 According to the article, the mothers of 1820 were determined to______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题的判断依据是第二段第二句。句中讲到母亲们认为被宠坏的孩子，在今后会有许多麻烦，特别是面对世界上的各种诱惑，更严重的是，将来有可能精神崩溃。因此母亲们下决心做的是不宠孩子，避免今后成人后有可能患精神崩溃。[A]、[D]内容文中没有涉及；[B]内容与原文意思相反。
单选题 Calvin is mentioned in this article to show______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题是细节题。第三段第二句是本题解题依据。Calvin的引用目的是说明他们严格管教孩子这观点的起源。
单选题 The author suggests that 19th century parents were chiefly interested in a child's______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】最后一段是本题的解题依据。文中讲把孩子们身上邪恶的一面消除掉，父母们相信他们能引导孩子们学到优良品德，这些品德将伴随他们的一生。因此我们可以推断那时候他们不溺爱孩子，是因为他们想让孩子们拥有优良的品德，这是父母们最感兴趣的。
单选题 Which one of the sentences below is the implied but not stated point in this article?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】我们已经在前面讲到，如果我们遇到的推断题问题本身不能给我们提供任何信息，我们必须从分析四个选择项内容着手，采用排除法，将跟短文内容相反、短文没有涉及到的或者跟短文内容一致的排除，这样就能得出正确的结论。[A]项所述内容跟第四段第四句所述内容相反。[B]项所述内容与文中内容不一致。作者在文中对过去人们严格管教孩子的做法未加任何评论，对“棍捧下面出孝子”这格言也未作评论，所以我们无法推断这是个愚蠢的说法。[C]项内容跟文章内容一致，是文章中直接陈述，而不是暗示的。所以最有可能的答案是[D]。依据是第四段最后一句。