{{B}}Dark Forces Dominate Universe{{/B}} The Earth, moon, sun and
all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universe.
Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy, unknown{{U}} (1)
{{/U}}that puzzle astronomers. Observations in recent years
have changed the basic understanding of how the universe evolved and have
emphasized for astronomers how little is known{{U}} (2) {{/U}}the major
forces and substances that shaped our world. Astronomers now know
that luminous matter-stars, planets and hot gas —{{U}} (3) {{/U}}only
about 0.4 percent of the universe. Non. luminous components, such as black holes
and intergalactic gas, make up 3.6 percent. The rest is either dark matter,
about 23 percent, or dark energy, about 73 percent. Dark matter,
sometimes called "cold dark matter" has been known for some{{U}} (4)
{{/U}}. Only recently have researchers come to understand the pivotal role
it{{U}} (5) {{/U}}in the formation of stars, planets and even people.
"We owe our very existence to dark matter," said physicist Paul
Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which appeared not long{{U}}
(6) {{/U}}in the journal Science. Steinhardt said it is
believed that following the Big Bang, the theoretical{{U}} (7) {{/U}}of
the universe, dark matter caused particles to clump together. That set up the
gravitation processes that led to the formation of stars and galaxies. Those
stars, in turn, created the basic chemicals, such as carbon and iron, that
were{{U}} (8) {{/U}}to the evolution of life. "Dark matter
dominated the formation of structure in the early universe." Steinhardt said.
"For the first few billion years dark matter contained{{U}} (9) {{/U}}of
the mass of the universe. You can think of ordinary matter as a froth of an
Ocean of dark matter. The dark matter clumps and the ordinary matter falls into
it. That led to the{{U}} (10) {{/U}}of the stars and galaxies."
Without dark matter, "there{{U}} (11) {{/U}}be virtually no
structures in the universe." The nature of dark matter is{{U}}
(12) {{/U}}. It cannot be seen or detected{{U}} (13) {{/U}}.
Astronomers know it is there because of its effect on celestial objects than can
be seen and measured. But the most dominating force of{{U}}
(14) {{/U}}in the universe is called dark energy, a i:ecently proven
power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate
at a faster and faster speed. One scientist said it is clear now{{U}}
(15) {{/U}}dark matter and dark energy engaged in a gravitational tug
of war that. eventually, dark energy won. intergalactic adj. 银河间
pivotal adj.关键的 owe v. 把……归功于 clump
v.凝聚成块 gravitation n.地心吸力，万有引力 froth n.泡沫
celestial adj.天体的 1. A. space
B. movement C. forces
D. speed 2. A. about
B. in C. for
D. witll in 3. A. waits for
B. longs for C. accounts for D. looks
for 4. A. schedule B. time
C. duration D. period
5. A. displayed B. delayed
C. relayed D. played 6. A. previously
B. back C. before
D. ago 7. A. beginning
B. changing C. combining D. ending
8. A. universal B. additional
C. fundamental D. structural 9. A. many
B. most C. little
D. few 10. A. detection
B. formation C. revolution D.
separation 11. A. would B.
must C. shall
D. should 12. A. unchecked B. unlocked
C. unknown D. unmeasured
13. A. personally B. accurately C.
formally D. directly 14. A. all
B. total C.
overall D. sum 15.
| A. when |
B. that |
| C. how |
D. what |