填空题 Translate the following passage into chinese.(北京师范大学2007研,考试科目:英语语言文学)Telling stories is as basic to human beings as eating. More so, in fact, for while food makes us live, stories are what make our lives worth living. They are what make our condition human.This was recognized from the very beginnings of western civilization. Hesiod tells us how the founding myths were invented to explain how the world came to be and how we came to be in it. Myths were stories people told themselves in order to explain themselves to themselves and to others. But it was Aristotle who first developed this insight into a philosophical position when he argued, in his Poetics, that the art of storytelling—defined as the dramatic imitating and plotting of human action—is what gives us a shareable world.It is, in short, only when haphazard happenings are transformed into story, and thus made memorable over time, that we become full agents of our history. This becoming historical involves a transition from the flux of events into a meaningful social or political community—what Aristotle and the Greeks called a polis. Without this transition from nature to narrative, from time suffered to time enacted and enunciated, it is debatable whether a merely biological life could ever be considered a truly human one.
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【正确答案】 1、正确答案: 如同吃饭一样,讲故事也是人们生活之必需。而事实上,它更胜之。因为食物能让我们得以生存,而故事却能让我们值得去生存。也正是有了故事,我们才被称之为人类。 这从西方文明的开端就能看出来。赫西奥德告诉我们,人们虚构神话故事是为了解释世界怎样形成、人类怎样介入其中的。神话就是人类为了解释自身而讲给自己和别人听的故事罢了。而第一个将这种观点上升到哲学领域的是大哲学家亚里士多德,在他的《诗学》这本专著中,他指出:讲故事的艺术可以解释为对人类行为的戏剧性模仿和设计,这种艺术方法给我们塑造了一个可以共享的世界。 简而言之,只有当偶然发生的事情用故事加以记载,并随着时间的流逝永不磨灭,人类才能成为自己历史的代言人。历史在不断发展,偶然事件的变迁诞生了具有重大意义的社会性或政治性社区——亚里士多德和希腊人称之为“城邦”。如果没有这种从自发性到叙述性的过渡,从单纯经历到制定表达的转变,那么由生物体转化为真正意义上的人类的可能性将会十分值得质疑。    
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