单选题 Parents who consider their kids to be 'more special than other children' and feel that they 'deserve something extra in life' may now be characterized not only as annoying, but also as responsible for bringing one more self-important narcissist into society.
New research out of the Netherlands published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that children who were overvalued by their parents scored higher on tests to identify narcissism (自恋) than their peers.
'Children believe it when their parents tell them that they are more special than others. That may not be good for them or for society,' Brad Bushman, co-author of the study and an Ohio State University professor, said in a statement.
Eddie Brummelman, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and another author on the study, noted that parents often think telling children how special they are compared with their peers will boost their self-confidence. But narcissism is not just a more extreme form of self-confidence; people with high-esteem do not think they're better than others. According to his research, the more narcissistic children did not necessarily express more self-confidence. 'Rather than raising self-esteem, overvaluing practices may inadvertently raise levels of narcissism,' Brummelman said.
Over two years, the team evaluated 565 children in the Netherlands who were between the ages of 7 and 11 years old when the study began. They asked parents how much they agreed with statements like, 'My child is a great example for other children to follow,' and whether or not they believed their children would have knowledge of various historical and cultural figures and topics, like 'Neil Armstrong.' Eventually, the researchers began including entirely fictional figures and topics, 'Queen Alberta.' The parents raising little narcissists would often fall for it. 'Overvaluing parents tended to claim that their children had knowledge of many different topics—even these nonexistent ones,' Brummelman said.
While parental 'overvaluing' was associated with narcissistic offspring, parental warmth was not. Children of parents who expressed warmth by telling their children they loved them, but who did not engage in 'overvaluing' behavior, were more likely to agree with statements that suggested they were 'happy with themselves as a person and liked the kind of person they were.' In short, parental warmth appears to be closely linked to self-confident kids, not narcissistic kids. The researchers conclude that expressing warmth is key to promoting healthy self-confidence in children.
Bushman, who is a father of three children, said his research has made him rethink his own parenting style. 'When I first started doing this research in the 1990s, I used to think my children should be treated like they were extra-special. I'm careful not to do that now,' he said.

单选题 The new research out of Netherlands reveals ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】由题干中的new research out of Netherlands定位到文章第二段。事实细节题。第二段提到，被父母过高评价的孩子与同龄人相比在识别自恋意识的测试中得分更高，由此可知，父母对孩子过高评价造成的后果可能是孩子比同龄人更加自恋，因此答案为D。 A“为什么父母可能会对自己的孩子有自恋倾向”，这句是对原文的曲解，有自恋倾向的主体是孩子，而不是父母，故排除；B“谁应该为社会上的新自恋者负责”，作者已经很明确地指出一些父母应该为产生新自恋者负责，这并不是该文讨论的重点，因此B不符合文意，故排除；C“父母的关爱会如何影响他们的孩子”，此句陈述过于宽泛，不能准确概括原文的信息，故排除。

单选题 Which of the following statements is true about narcissism?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】由题干中的narcissism定位到第四段最后一句。事实细节题。定位句指出，过高评价不仅不能提高自尊，还可能在不经意间提高自恋的程度，可见，过高评价会滋生自恋意识，因此答案为C。 A“自恋与自尊密切相关”，第四段第二句的后半句指出，自尊的人并不认为他们比别人更好，而盲目地认定自己优于他人正是自恋的表现，可见，自恋与自尊并无必然关联，故可排除A；B“自恋是显示信心的一种特殊形式”，作者在第四段第二句明确指出，自恋并非只是自信的更极端的形式，并在该段倒数第二句提到，自恋的孩子也并不一定表现出更强的自信心，故可排除B；D“自恋是自我感觉良好的一种极端方式”，该句曲解了原文的意思，自恋的孩子是将自己与别人比较，感觉优于别人，并非是自我感觉良好，故可排除。

单选题 What can we infer about 'Queen Alberta'?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】根据题干中的“Queen Alberta”定位到第五段第三至第五句。推理判断题。定位句指出，“Queen Alberta”是作为fictional figures and topics的例子，而过高评价自己孩子的父母会认为他们的孩子了解这些并不存在的话题。可见，虚构话题可作为判断父母对孩子是否评价过高的试金石，故答案为C。 A“它是小说里的著名人物”，这是对原文中fictional figures的曲解，fictional的意思是“虚构的”，而不是“小说中的”，故排除；B“它在自恋者中引起热议”，第五段最后两句是说，自恋孩子的父母认为自己的孩子连虚构的话题也有所了解，并不是说自恋者对这个话题进行了热议，故排除；D“它与各种话题都有关联”，文中没有提到虚构话题与各种话题都有关联，故排除。

单选题 Children whose parents appropriately express warmth may ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】由题干中的express warmth定位到第六段第二句。事实细节题。定位句指出，适当表达亲情而又不过高地评价自己孩子的父母，在测试中更赞同“他们的孩子对自己的人生感到幸福和喜欢自己这类的人”这样的话，因此这类孩子具有一种健康的幸福感，故答案为B。 A“客观地评价他人”，文章只提到父母适当表达亲情的孩子们对自身的感觉，而没有指出他们如何评价他人，故排除；C“不会变成年轻的自恋者”，此句过于绝对，原文中只是说父母适当地表达亲情不会滋生孩子的自恋倾向，并不能确保孩子一定不会变成自恋者，故排除；D“喜欢父母对待他们的方式”，文中没有提到这些孩子对父母亲情表达方式的反应，故排除。

单选题 In the passage, the author ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】由题干可知本题考查主旨大意，需从全文出发进行解答。主要提示可参见文章第二段和最后一段。主旨大意题。定位句指出，新研究表明过高评价孩子，经常对孩子说他们比别人特别，这种做法会造成孩子自恋。在文章最后研究者本人也指出，自己从前也有这样的误区，而文章提到的研究澄清了这个误解。可见，本文作者澄清了一个教育理念，故答案为A。 B“报告一个令人震惊的发现”，新研究的发现虽然推翻了以往的传统说法，但不可用“令人震惊的”来形容，故排除；C“强调父母的责任”，说法过于笼统，没有说明是哪方面的责任，故排除；D“探究一个心理问题”，本文提到的研究虽然与心理问题有关，但其结论已经得出，可见，文章的主要目的不是进行探究，故排除。