问答题 "Gender", as the World Health Organization defines it, "is used to describe those characteristics of women and men, which are socially constructed, while sex refers to those which are biologically determined. People are born female or male but learn to be girls and boys who grow into women and men. This learned behavior makes up gender identity and determines gender roles" (WHO,2002, "Annex", PI). While it seems simple and common sense to say that gender is a cultural construct and sex is biological make-up, much complex the-orization is involved when consideration is given to the fact that the knowledge about sex is also based on a cultural construct, and may be biased. If both knowledge of sex and gender are culturally constructed, then what people learn about their sex is subject to the discursive function of gender-related knowledge. Since it is society that produces knowledge about gender, learning about gender can be regarded as learning the culturally constructed knowledge about gender, and learning about one’ s gender is learning to define oneself according to a community’s rules and expectations of gender behavior. In the Foucauldian sense, gendering oneself is disciplining oneself. It is in the process of socialization that gender identity is acquired. Although gender identity is acquired, it is not entirely socially constructed, as it has to be an effect of ego development in its relation to the love-object. In Freud’s argument, gender identity does not come with birth, but is required upon the emergence of the ego. In such a notion, gender identity is formed as a result of the ego’s development, which is based on its interaction with the so-called "love-object". In Freud’ s theory, a boy would have his mother as the love-object and therefore will become feminine. A boy concept in Freud’s theory is that human beings are given by their sexual instinct and therefore the inclination towards the love-object is natural and it comes with birth.