单选题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)
for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers
of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have
a "common law", or law made by courts {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}}
{{/U}}a monarch or other central governmental {{U}} {{U}} 2
{{/U}} {{/U}}like a legislature. The jury, a {{U}} {{U}} 3
{{/U}} {{/U}}of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an {{U}}
{{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}part of our common-law system.
Use of juries to decide cases is a {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}}
{{/U}}feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use
juries as we do in the United States. {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}}
{{/U}}the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a
fairer and more just result {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}would be
obtained using a judge {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}, as many
countries do. {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}a jury decides cases
after "{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}" , or discussions among a
group of people, the jury's decision is likely to have the {{U}} {{U}}
11 {{/U}} {{/U}}from many different people from different backgrounds,
who must as a group decide what is right. Juries are used in
both civil cases, which decide {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}among
{{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}citizens, and criminal cases,
which decide cases brought by the government {{U}} {{U}} 14
{{/U}} {{/U}}that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from
the U.S. citizens and {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Jurors,
consisting of {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}numbers, are called
for each case requiring a jury. The judge {{U}} {{U}}
17 {{/U}} {{/U}}to the case {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}}
{{/U}}the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states,
{{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}jurors are questioned by the judge;
in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the {{U}}
{{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}under rules dictated by state law.
单选题
A. other than
B. rather than
C. more than
D. or rather
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 逻辑衔接
本题考查逻辑关系。空格前后是两个并列的名词courts和a monarch。根据常识可知,美国法律不由君主制定。因此空格处填入的连接词应肯定前者而否定后者,正确项是B rather than,即“是法庭而不是君主”。rather than是连词,前后连接的成分应保持一致,通常译为“而不是”,有时可用介词短语instead of替代。
other than通常用在否定句中,表示排除意义,相当于except。more than连接名词时可表示“多于,超过……以上”,也可以表示“不仅仅,不只是”,相当于not only。or rather表示“更确切的说法是……”,相当于more exactly。因此,B、C、D都不符,故排除。
单选题
A. agency
B. organization
C. institution
D. authority
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接+词义辨析
空格处填入的名词和governmental搭配,表示“像立法机关这样的中央政府……”。D authority可表示“有权力做决定或在某个地区有特别责任范围的人们或组织”,即“当局,当权者”。文中legislature指“有权制定或修改法律的一群人——立法机关”。因此D项为最佳答案。
A项agency一般指“服务机构,尤其是代理或经销机构”,也可以指(提供特别服务)的政府专门机构,如the Central Intelligence Agency(美国中央情报局)。B项organization泛指各种组织、团体和机构。C项institution多指“大规模的用于特殊目的的组织”,如educational institution(教育机构)。因此A、B、C都不符合,故排除。
单选题
A. panel
B. crew
C. band
D. flock
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 词义辨析
空格所在部分指的是陪审团小组,属固定搭配,因此A项正确。
A项panel指“一组(给予意见和观点的人)”,如a panel of experts专家组。B项crew指“(有专门技术的)一组工作人员,一起工作的一群人”;C项band指“(因为某种共同的目的而组成且有首领的)一帮人”;D项flock指a crowd,a large number of people。而空格所在部分指的是陪审团小组,属固定搭配,因此B、C、D都不符,故排除。
【答案解析】[解析] 介词搭配
over接时间名词时相当于during,表示“在……期间”,over the centuries表示“几个世纪以来”。
A、B和C项都应与表示具体某个世纪的名词搭配,如in/by/after the twentieth century(在20世纪/到20世纪/20世纪以后),都不符合句意,故可排除这三个干扰项。
单选题
A. that
B. which
C. than
D. as
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 逻辑结构衔接
本空前是一个结构完整的句子...Juries reach a fairer and more just result.空后是would be obtained using a judge alone。显然应由空格处的词来连接后面的分句。前文已经出现了fairer和more just,只能和than构成比较级(注意than在这里兼有连词和代词的作用,相当于than what)句意为:在大多数情况下陪审团比单独一位法官达到的结果更公平、公正。
that可代替先行词result,which和as可代替前面整个句子,但都显然不符合逻辑,故A、C、D三个干扰项排除。
【答案解析】[解析] 逻辑结构衔接
逻辑连接词的选择需要分析前后两句话之间的语义关系。{{U}} (9) {{/U}} a jury decides cases after "{{U}} (10) {{/U}}",or discussions among a group of people,前一分句意思是“陪审团裁决案件是在一群人讨论后……”,the jury's decision is likely to have the {{U}}(10) {{/U}} from many different people from different backgrounds,后一分句意思是“陪审团的决定可能有不同背景的不同人的……”根据分析可知,这里应是因果关系,故选B项Because。
A项although“虽然”表让步,C项if“如果”表条件,D项while“当……的时候;虽然,尽管”表时间或让步。A、C、D都不符合句意,故可排除。
【答案解析】[解析] 词义辨析
空处所在句子the jury's decision is likely to have the ______ from many different people from different backgrounds,who must as a group decide what is right. 意为:陪审团的决定可能有来自不同背景的不同人的……。这些人who must as a group decide what is right(能够决定事情的对错),那么他们的决定一定是有影响力的,input可表示“影响”。
A项outline意为“概述,略述.轮廓”;B项outcome一般指“(事件或行为的)结果,效果”;D项intake意为“吸入,进气;摄入”。都不符合句意,故可排除。
【答案解析】[解析] 固定搭配
空处所在部分意为:陪审团由……人数组成。set意为“安排好的,确定的,固定的”,如follow a set pattern(遵循一种固定的模式)。文中强调陪审团人数是固定的,因此应选set。
B项exact意为“精确的,严密的”;C项given意为“(事先)已经安排好的,规定的”,如They were to meet at a given time and place(他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤);D项placed意为“有名次的,已获胜的”。故可排除B、C、D这三个干扰项。
【答案解析】[解析] 固定搭配
空格处填入的动词的主语是the judge,其宾语是the selection of jurors,即表示“法官……陪审团成员的选举”。oversee意为“监督,监视(以确保某项工作或活动的恰当完成)”,oversee the elections“监督选举”。因此oversee为正确答案。
A项administer意为“管理(公司、组织、机构),治理(国家);施行,执行”,如administer justice/the law(执行审判/执法)。B项manage表示“管理,负责(公司、球队、组织等)”,如manage a project(负责一个项目)。D项preside是不及物动词,和介词over或at搭配表示“主持(会议、仪式等);管理”。故可排除ABD这三个干扰项。