【正确答案】The differences between a good language learner and a poor language learner mainly lie in the differences of their leaming strategies and learning styles. Learning strategies refer to methods that students use to leam. We can list some characteristics of a good language learner to see the differences between a good language learner and a bad language learner. According to Rubin and Thompson, good language leamers:
1)find their own way, taking charge of their learning;
2)organize information about language;
3)are creative, developing a "feel" for the language by experimenting with its grammar and words;
4)make their own opportunities for practice in using the language inside and outside the classroom;
5)leam to live with uncertainty by not getting flustered and by continuing to talk or listen without understanding every word;
6)use mnemonics and other memory strategies to recall what has been leamed;
7)make errors work for them and not against them;
8)use linguistics knowledge, including knowledge of their first language, in leaming a second language;
9)use contextual cues to help them in comprehension;
10)learn to make intelligent guesses;
11)learn chunks of language as whole and formalized routines to help them perform "beyond their competence";
12)learn certain tricks that help to keep conversations going;
13)learn certain production strategies to fill in gaps in their own competence;
14)learn different styles of speech and writing and learn to vary their language according to the formality of the situation.

【正确答案】If we know what strategies good language learners use, teaching so—called poor language leamers to use those strategies will not necessarily result in their successful language learning. Learning strategies refer to methods that students use to learn and they are only one of the cognitive factors to a learner. In addition to the difference in learning strategies, there are many other differences between a good learner and a bad language leamer.
1)Affectivefactors
Affective factors have to do with the emotional side of learning a language. Clearly there can be a great deal going on emotionally when learning a second language, and it is possible that emotions affect how successful a language learner is. Affective factors generally include empathy,anxiety, inhibition, risk—taking, motivation, attitude and personality,among which motivation and personality are more important factors affecting language learning.
2)Cognitive factors
Cognitive factors involve the mechanics of how an individual learns something. Different people seem to learn via different cognitive styles and different learning strategies. And it is a fairly assumption that there is such a thing as a special "talent" or "aptitude" for language learning. which is to a large extent responsible for individual differences in language learning success.
3)Social factors
Such factors as instruction, environment and feedback may also affect individual learners in their language learning.
4)Age differences
First, people of the same age do not share all the same characteristics. Second, there is no unifornl pattern of development that everyone follows.
5)The role of first language
The role of first language in second language performance is often referred to as interference. Our view of first language interference is quite different, and it implies a very different cure for interference errors.
6)Other factors
Apart from those main factors affecting language learning, there are many other factors which can affect second language learning. These factors include sex, birth order, prior experience, social distance and locus of control.
Learners are quite different; language teachers cannot duplicate all of desirable traits, and they can only concentrate on some of them to help their learners, depending on the differeht learners and different situations.

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查造成学生学习差异的因素。造成学生学习差异的原因很多，不仅有其主观的(包括学习策略)因素，也有客观因素。